EP CAMPBELL BIO.IN FOCUS AP-MOD.MASTER.
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780137453092
Author: Urry
Publisher: SAVVAS L
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Chapter 37, Problem 11TYU
FOCUS ON EVOLUTION
An action potential is an all-or-none event. This on/off signaling is an evolutionary adaptation of animals that must sense and act in a complex environment. It is possible to imagine a nervous system in which the action potentials are graded, with the amplitude depending on the size of the stimulus. Describe what evolutionary advantage on/off signaling might have over a graded (continuously variable) kind of signaling.
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Graded (Local)
Potentials
All or none
Do not reach threshold
Change in RMP
Size depends on size of stimulus
Chemically or mechanically gated
channels
Decreases in intensity
Found in axon
Found in dendrites
Involve gated channels
Involve K+ diffusion
Involve Na+ diffusion
Self-propagating
Has a threshold
Action Potentials
Voltage gated channels
Local signaling
Long distance signaling
Put the steps of the process of signal transduction in the order they occur (hint - try to decide
which signaling pathway this is before working on the order):
1. A conformational change in the signal-receptor complex activates an enzyme.
2. Protein kinases are activated.
3. A signal molecule binds to a receptor.
4. Target proteins are phosphorylated.
5. Second messenger molecules are released.
O 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
O 3, 1, 2, 4, 5
O 1, 2, 5, 3, 4
O 3, 1, 5, 2, 4
I
a scientist that works on autism and you think that the mutation in the sodium channel found in 3 of your patients can be one of the causes for this disorder. Describe an experiment you could do to test this hypothesis.
the scientist need to be specific from the beginning of of the experiment by identifying the mutation to the end including experiment, propagation of action potential, its effect on signal transmission and synapse and give an example of the phenotype you anticipate to observe
Chapter 37 Solutions
EP CAMPBELL BIO.IN FOCUS AP-MOD.MASTER.
Ch. 37.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.1 - Describe the basic pathway of information flow...Ch. 37.1 - WHAT IF? How might increased branching of an axon...Ch. 37.2 - Under what circumstances could ions flow through...Ch. 37.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose a cells membrane potential shifts...Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - How do action potentials and graded potentials...Ch. 37.3 - In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros,...Ch. 37.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium...
Ch. 37.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.4 - Organophosphate pesticides work by inhibiting...Ch. 37.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Name one or more membrane...Ch. 37 - What happens when a resting neuron's membrane...Ch. 37 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 37 - Why are action potentials usually conducted in one...Ch. 37 - Which of the following is a direct result of...Ch. 37 - Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an...Ch. 37 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 37 - DRAW IT Suppose a researcher inserts a pair of...Ch. 37 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 37 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION An action potential is an...Ch. 37 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 37 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The rattlesnake alerts...
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- The giant squid axon has a diameter = 1mm and 1 = 13mm. Compared to a mammalian neuron with a diameter = 1 um and ^ = 0.2mm, which of the following is correct? graded potentials can generate action potentials in the mammalian axon but not in the squid axon. graded potential of similar magnitude would result in action potentials with larger amplitude in the mammalian axon graded potentials of similar magnitude would result in action potentials with larger amplitude in the squid axon graded potentials of similar magnitude would travel furthest from their point of origin in the mammalian axon graded potentials of similar magnitude would travel furthest from their point of origin in the squid axonarrow_forwardWhen a signal binds to the Tyrosine kinase receptor (RTK), you have studied that a list of events occur sequentially. Map the events in the correct order from 1st to the last step.arrow_forwardThe figure below shows a signaling pathway activated by the bindiıng of adrehalMNe LU the beta-adrenergic receptor. Binding of adrenaline to the receptor causes GTP-binding and activation of G proteins. Active GTP-bound G protein activates adenylate cyclase to initiate a signaling cascade that affects cellular responses, and includes cellular changes to mediate increased heart rate and accounts for the flight-or-fight response. activated adenylate cyclase adrenaline activated B-adrenergic receptor adenylate cyclase G protein subunit 22 GTP SDP conformational ATP CAMP change in receptor heterotrimeric G protein ACAMP inactive protein kinase A active protein kinase A 4 cellular responses Consider the homozygous mutation in which a cell produces a variant of adenylate cyclase that can no longer be activated Which of the following are true in this cell? Select all that apply. Heart rate increases Protein Kinase A is not activated CAMP levels are lower than normal Heart rate decreasesarrow_forward
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Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license