Concept explainers
(a)
To classify:
‘A surge of epinephrine initiates a flight response in a gazelle’ as either a proximate or an ultimate cause of the behavior.
Concept introduction:
Animal behavior is a very broad topic that covers everything that is done by animals. It includes movement and other activities that are performed by the animals. It is such a topic that helps to connect the two streams ecology and animal physiology to a great extent. In an animal behavior, there is involvement, and connection of many physiological systems and connections among the endocrine, muscular, nervous, reproductive and many other organ systems.
(b)
To classify:
‘Turtle uses Earth’s magnetic field lines as guides during migration’ either as a proximate or an ultimate cause of the behavior and for all proximate causes. Also, speculate about a possible ultimate cause of the behavior.
Concept introduction:
Animal behavior is a very broad topic that covers everything that is done by animals. It includes movement and other activities that are performed by the animals. It is such a topic that helps to connect the two streams ecology and animal physiology to a great extent. In an animal behavior, there is involvement, and connection of many physiological systems and connections among the endocrine, muscular, nervous, reproductive and many other organ systems.
(c)
To classify:
The descriptions that ‘a small mammal ignores food sources that have low energy and that are difficult to obtain’ as either a proximate or an ultimate cause of the behavior and in case of proximate causes speculate about a possible ultimate cause of the behavior.
Concept introduction:
Animal behavior is a very broad topic that covers everything that is done by animals. It includes movement and other activities that are performed by the animals. It is such a topic that helps to connect the two streams ecology and animal physiology to a great extent. In an animal behavior, there is involvement, and connection of many physiological systems and connections among the endocrine, muscular, nervous, reproductive and many other organ systems.
(d)
To classify:
The descriptions in which ‘a bird distracts its predator near its nest, which increases the chance of survival of the nestlings’ as either an ultimate or a proximate cause of the behavior and for all proximate causes give a possible cause of the behavior.
Concept introduction:
Animal behavior is a very broad topic that covers everything that is done by animals. It includes movement and other activities that are performed by the animals. It is such a topic that helps to connect the two streams ecology and animal physiology to a great extent. In an animal behavior, there is involvement, and connection of many physiological systems and connections among the endocrine, muscular, nervous, reproductive and many other organ systems.
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Chapter 36 Solutions
EP CONNECT ONLINE ACCESS FOR BIOLOGY:
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- A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.arrow_forwardA sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.arrow_forwardWith reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobinarrow_forward
- With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobinarrow_forwardWhich ONE of the following is FALSE regarding haemoglobin? It has two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The subunits are joined by disulphide bonds. Each subunit covalently binds a haem group. Conformational change in one subunit can be transmitted to another. There are many variant ("mutant") forms of haemoglobin that are not harmful.arrow_forwardWhich ONE of the following is FALSE regarding haemoglobin? It has two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The subunits are joined by disulphide bonds. Each subunit covalently binds a haem group. Conformational change in one subunit can be transmitted to another. There are many variant ("mutant") forms of haemoglobin that are not harmful.arrow_forward
- During a routine medical check up of a healthy man it was found that his haematocrit value was highly unusual – value of 60%. What one of the options below is the most likely reason? He will have a diet high in iron. He is likely to be suffering from anaemia. He lives at high altitude. He has recently recovered from an accident where he lost a lot of blood. He has a very large body size.arrow_forwardExplain what age of culture is most likely to produce an endospore?arrow_forwardExplain why hot temperatures greater than 45 degrees celsius would not initiate the sporulation process in endospores?arrow_forward
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