Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781260231700
Author: Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher: McGraw Hill Education
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Chapter 3.5, Problem 2LO
Describe how the endosymbiotic theory explains eukaryotic cell evolution.
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Describe the features of mitochondria and chloroplasts that support the endosymbiotic theory.
Serial endosymbiosis is the most supported theory on how the first eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. The figure depicts the evolution of eukaryotic cells which include links to prokaryotic cells from early in the history of life.
Identify the cellular structures involved in the connection of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Describe the characteristics of the cellular structures that supports the evolutionary connection.
State a claim on how eukaryotic cells evolved. Using evolutionary evidence justify your claim. The cells modeled above are a result are descendants of an original cell.
Does the following phylogenetic tree provide evidence to support or refute the endosymbiosis
hypothesis? Briefly explain your choice (1-2 sentences)
Bacteria
a-Proteobacteria
Mitochondria
Archaea
Eukarya
Excavata
Discicristata
Alveolata
Stramenopila
Rhizaria
Plantae
Opisthokonta
Amoebozoa
Chapter 3 Solutions
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Ch. 3.1 - Explain why cells are the basic unit of life.Ch. 3.1 - List the basic principles of the cell theory.Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 3.1 - Prob. 1QTCCh. 3.1 - Prob. 2QTCCh. 3.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 3.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 3.1 - 3. Describe the metabolic challenges of a large...Ch. 3.2 - Describe the fundamental components of a bacterial...Ch. 3.2 - Identify the key differences between the archaea...
Ch. 3.2 - Explain the function of the plasma membrane.Ch. 3.2 - Identify the key bacterial structures and their...Ch. 3.2 - Explain the general differences between a...Ch. 3.3 - Recognize the structure and function of the...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 3.3 - Explain the function of the cell wall in...Ch. 3.3 - Describe how the endomembrane system acts as a...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 3.4 - Compare and contrast the structural differences...Ch. 3.4 - Identify the cellular structures that are composed...Ch. 3.4 - Explain the purpose of cilia, flagella, and...Ch. 3.4 - Identify the structural makeup of actin filaments,...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 3.5 - Define endosymbiosis.Ch. 3.5 - Describe how the endosymbiotic theory explains...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 3.5 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 3 - Prob. S1.2BYBCh. 3 - Prob. S2.3BYBCh. 3 - Prob. S2.6BYBCh. 3 - The cell theory states: a. Cells form as...Ch. 3 - As the size of a cell decreases, the ratio of its...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3ACh. 3 - Prob. 4ACh. 3 - Small circular pieces of DNA that are found in the...Ch. 3 - Eukaryotic cells contain a. a nucleus b. DNA c....Ch. 3 - The combination of DNA and protein in the nucleus...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8ACh. 3 - Prob. 9ACh. 3 - Prob. 10ACh. 3 - Prob. 11ACh. 3 - Prob. 12ACh. 3 - Prob. 13ACh. 3 - Prob. 14ACh. 3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 3 - Why does the science of synthetic biology still...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3TC
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- Which of the following pieces of evidence could support the endosymbiotic theory if found to be true? Traces of peptidoglycan in the cytoplasm in eukaryotes Presence of rRNA in eukaryotes Presence of 80S ribosomes in eukaryotes The discovery of a unicellular eukaryotearrow_forwardAfter the glacial retreat at the end of the last ice age, some three-spine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were isolated in small lakes. A mutation occurred in these fish that resulted in the loss of pelvic spines. Today, all freshwater sticklebacks lack pelvic spines, but are still classified as members of the same species as marine sticklebacks. Scientists collected sticklebacks from both marine and freshwater environments and placed them together in a controlled environment. Which of the following statements describes the effect of the mutation on their ability to interbreed? They should be able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring. They will not be able to interbreed and produce offspring because of hybrid breakdown. They will not be able to interbreed and produce offspring because of mechanical isolation. They should be able to interbreed and produce offspring, but the offspring may experience reduced hybrid fertility.arrow_forwardList three sources of evidence that support theendosymbiotic theory of organelle evolution.arrow_forward
- Describe the evolutionary history of eukaryotic cells.arrow_forwardA) A major difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells Group of answer choices exhibit little if any compartmentalization of function are generally smaller than prokaryotic cells have a large degree of internal organization lack organelles have little if any internal organization B) Which of the following statements about protists is false? Group of answer choices Some protists are mixotrophic Certain protists share a common ancestor with land plants Some protists are photosynthetic prokaryotes which are similar to the ancestral chloroplast Protists are a polyphyletic group of organisms that often bear little resemblance to each other Although most protists are unicellular, some protists are multicellular as wellarrow_forwardEvolutionary microbiologists developed a theory about a common ancestor for all eukaryotic cells. Below is a model of the theorized changes during the origin of eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes are not capable of phagocytosis, or engulfing outside particles by creating a pocket in the cell membrane. Which of the following changes in early prokaryotes could be predicted to result in the emergence of eukaryotic organisms? A - the development of genetic transfer mechanisms in prokaryotes B - the evolution of predatory or parasitic relationships in prokaryotes C - the emergence of collections of cells functioning together in prokaryotes D = the expansion of internal structures to support larger individual cells in prokaryotesarrow_forward
- Identify two features of organelles that support theendosymbiotic theory of organelle evolution.arrow_forwardA scientist has discovered a new species and is tasked with identifying which of the kingdoms of life the organism might fit. Multicellular with nuclei Presence of a cell wall containing chitin Heterotrophic Non-motile Question options: Fungi Protista Plantae Animalia Protists are a group of organisms that are eukaryotic. However, they are a diverse group, with some of the members of the group having a more recent common ancestor with plants while others have a more recent common ancestor with animals. Algae are protists that are more closely related to plants than any other group. Which characteristics would algae share with plants but NOT with animals? Question options: DNA Ribosomes Chloroplasts Mitochondriaarrow_forwardUnder the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of the eukaryotic cell. The ancestor of mitochondria and chloroplasts original became part of mutualism with a larger host cell. Which of the following best explains this mutualism? A) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided specialized reproduction as part of the proto-germ line while the larger host cell provided energy for growth and reproduction. B) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided gene products that could be used by the larger host cell for improved parasitization. C) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided molecular energy in return for protection by the larger host cell. D) The mitochondria and chloroplasts produce toxins that the larger cell utilized to defend itself from other cells mutually increasing the defense of all those involved.arrow_forward
- The endosymbiotic theory pertains to which organelle within eukaryotes because of the presence of 70S ribosomes, circular DNA, and the replication of this organelle independent from mitosis? O 1) nucleus O 2) lysosomes. O 3) golgi 4) endoplasmic reticulum 5: O 5) mitochondriaarrow_forwardSelect all of the following that provide evidence about the support to the Theory of Endosymbiosis. U U U Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA Chloroplasts and mitochondria are present in prokaryotic bacteria Chloroplasts and mitochondria are enclosed in a double membrane Chloroplasts and mitochondria divide by a process that closely resembles binary fission The DNA of chloroplasts and mitochondria is very similar to that of other free-living prokaryotesarrow_forwardmake a drawing of a phylogenetic tree that contains all 3 domains of life. The tree should include at least three different animals, two plants, chemoheterotrophic bacteria, photoautotrophic bacteria, chemoheterotrophic archaea, thermophilic archaea and fungi. Identify both primary endosymbiosis events on the tree and draw a line to connect it to the organism that would become the future organelle.arrow_forward
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