To explain:
The reason that why malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis are primarily diseases of tropical regions and how could humans be affecting the future geographical ranges of these diseases.
Concept introduction:
Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium which is
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Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
- Hello, What else would you add to this explanation about "Ascaris lumbricoides", can be any cusious fact about it :) Ascaris lumbricoides, commonly known as the human roundworm. It is a parasitic worm that infects about 772–892 million people worldwide. It belongs to a group of parasites known as soil-transmitted helminths (STH), which are spread through contact with contaminated soil. The adult worms live in the human intestine, where they can cause various health problems, especially in children. Infection usually occurs when a person consumes food or water contaminated with infective Ascaris eggs from soil. This is common in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene practices, especially in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Americas (About Ascariasis, 2024). The life cycle begins when an infected person’s feces contaminates soil with Ascaris eggs. These eggs mature and become infective, spreading to humans through ingesting contaminated food or…arrow_forwardSeasonality of a disease can relate to weather patterns rather than seasons. Malaria is a prime example and has a seasonality related to water and the wet season vs. the dry season. Explain why considering the vector.arrow_forwardIn 2021 there were an estimated 247 million new malaria cases in 85 malaria-endemic countries with at least 619,000 deaths, caused by the protozoan Plasmodium and transmitted by mosquitoes. This is an example of: Vehicle transmission Droplet transmission Vector transmission Aerosol transmission Direct contact transmissionarrow_forward
- Which of the following summarizes the chronological sequence (earliest to latest) of discovery involving human malaria parasites? This is was in a lecture slide, but is also in the textbook. a) liver stages, blood stages, mosquito stages, experimental transmission by mosquito b) blood stages, mosquito stages, liver stages, experimental transmission by mosquito c) mosquito stages, blood stages, liver stages, experimental transmission by mosquito d) blood stages, mosquito stages, experimental transmission by mosquito, liver stages e) mosquito stages, liver stages, blood stages, experimental transmission by mosquitoarrow_forwardWhat evolutionary evidence is there that malaria has plagued humanity for millennia? Have these evolved responses been uniformly beneficial to humanity?arrow_forwardIs the environmental risk posed by DDT an acceptable cost in the battle to control malaria? Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is preventable and curable. In 2017, there were an estimated 219 million cases of malaria in 87 countries.arrow_forward
- Plasmodium is the most deadly parasite globally. There are nearly 250 million new cases of malaria diagnosed each year. Discuss at least two mechanisms that this parasite uses within its host(s) to persist, manipulate, and/or propogate.arrow_forwardAccording to the recent malaria report of the Department of Health, Disease and Prevention Bureau (2022), there are 4, 251 confirmed cases of malaria in the Philippines and majority of the cases are due to Plasmodium falciparum. P. falciparum life cycle includes gametocytes that will aid the parasite to reproduce sexually in its anopheline vectors. Examine Figure 2 below. Provide three (3) qualitative descriptions of the P. falciparum gametocyte. Write your answers in a complete sentence. Fig. 2.. Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte in thin blood smear (CDC, 2022)arrow_forwardWhich of the following diseases is NOT controlled by a mosquito control program? Group of answer choices A) Yellow fever B) Dengue fever C) Leprosy D) Malariaarrow_forward
- Which of the following applies to Malaria? Choose all that apply. Group of answer choices It is a genetic disease. It is transmitted by mosquitoes. It causes a mutation in the hemoglobin gene. It is caused by a protist parasite.arrow_forwardBelow are statements about symbiosis. Choose the correct responses. ( Only pick one answer per [ ] ) ["Commensalism", "Mutualism", "Parasitism"] is a term that describes when two organisms both benefit from a relationship. One example of this you will view is lab is ["Viruses Infecting Bacteria", "Yeast Fermenting sugar", "Bacteria such as Rhizobium living in plant structures called root nodules"] . ["Commensalism", "Mutualism", "Parasitism"] is a term that describes when one organism benefits, while the second organism is not harmed, and does not benefit. ["Commensalism", "Mutualism", "Parasitism"] is a term that describes when one organism benefits while the second organism is harmed. In lab you will explore ["Viruses Infecting Bacteria", "Yeast Fermenting sugar", "Bacteria such as Rhizobium living in plant structures called root nodules"] as an example of this relationship.arrow_forwardOne of the most characteristic symptoms of malaria is the alternation of attacks (involving a cold phase, a hot phase, and a sweating phase) with periods of 1 or 2 days of no or few fevers. Given the life cycle of Plasmodium what is the best explanation for this pattern: When free in the blood, merozoites release chemicals that directly cause body responses. Merozoites appear in coordinated “waves”, which explains the cycling attacks Merozoites entering the red blood cells generate a strong response from the red blood cells, which stimulates a massive immune response Attack phase correlates with simultaneous bursting of infected red blood cells, releasing thousands or millions of merozoites. This triggers massive immune response, resulting in symptoms Plasmodium generates a constant accumulation of irritants in the blood, mostly residues from digesting hemoglobin . Once the amount reaches a critical level, these trigger a massive immune responsearrow_forward
- Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative a...NursingISBN:9781305964792Author:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy CorreaPublisher:Cengage Learning