Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134078779
Author: Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. Oster
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 33, Problem 2.5P
To determine
The
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The world has two countries, A and Z, which each produce two products, gadgets and whizbangs. Without
world trade, the domestic price of gadgets in A is lower than the price of gadgets in Z. We can say that
Country Z has a comparative advantage in gadgets and should be exporting
them.
Country Z should specialize in producing gadgets.
Country A has a comparative advantage in gadgets and should be exporting them.
Country A has a comparative advantage in whizbangs and should be importing
them.
As you may have heard, Russia decided to invade its neighbor, which has led to international condemnation (albeit not on all fronts). The EU, a former major importer of gas from Russai, went ahead with sanctions. Imagine, if you will, that the respective heads of state get together and try to negotiate a trade agreement to end sanctions. They each have three possible choices: (a) Maintain tariffs against the other nation (T); (b) Seek mediation from the WTO, which would implement an international trade agreement at a small cost (M); (c) Unilaterally remove tariffs (F). The payoff matrix is as given below. Is there a dominant strategy for either player? Find all the (pure strategy) Nash equilibria in the game. How would this change if, instead, the mediation is costless and yields a payoff of 50 to each nation (assuming mutually successful mediation) and a payoff of 0 (if the other nation chooses otherwise)? **
During the last 20 to 30 years, there have been a number of countries whose economies have experienced important economic expansion and development. One group of countries has been labeled the BRIC countries and the other the VISTA countries. Identify each of the nine countries and provide some insights about their economies and economic importance.
The theories of absolute and comparative advantage have been offered as an economic rationale for trade between and among regions and countries. Compare and contrast the two concepts. Which of the two do you think is more important for explaining the growth in global trade during the last 25 years? Why”
Chapter 33 Solutions
Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
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- Why do nations trade? What would the world be like without international trade?arrow_forwardCashews (pounds) 150 Pakistan 240 Cotton (bolts) Cashews (pounds) 120 Indonesia 320 Cotton (bolts) The figure above shows the production possibilities frontiers for Pakistan and Indonesia. Each country produces two goods, cotton and cashews. If the two countries have the same amount of resources and the same technological knowledge, which country has an absolute advantage in the production of cotton?arrow_forwardIf Argentina imports manufacturing parts from Guatemala, and Guatemala imports delivery trucks from Argentina, how could you best describe the pattern of trade? Group of answer choices Guatemala must have an absolute advantage in producing manufacturing parts. The opportunity cost of producing delivery trucks is higher in Argentina than it is in Guatemala. Argentina is protecting its delivery truck production industry. The opportunity cost of producing manufacturing parts in Argentina is higher than it is in Guatemala.arrow_forward
- Finally, Canada and Australia are both English-speaking countries with not-too dissimilar population sizes. However, Canada’s trade is twice as large as that of Australia’s. to what extent, does comparative advantage help explain this?arrow_forwardwhich of the four options best represents specialization and its relationship with trade? absolute advantage economic crises comparative advantage all the abovearrow_forwardTwo countries, Alpha and Beta consider the construction of a bridge across a river that separates them. The bridge would increase commerce and trade in both countries. If they both contribute to the building of this bridge, then each receive a profit of $32 million. However, if they both fail to contribute, they are each left with a profit of just $30 million. If one country contributes and the other one does not, then the country that does not contribute is a “free rider” and will receive a profit of $35 million. The contributing player spends a lot of money building the bridge and is left with a profit of only $28 million. 5.1. Fill out the payoff matrix (below) for the game by including all the elements (players, their strategies, and their payoffs). 5.2. Assume the players do not cooperate. Solve the game for the Nash equilibrium (find out the strategy played by each player in equilibrium). What is the payoff each gets…arrow_forward
- Use comparative advantage, two countries and two goods, to explain why every country can be better off from international trade.arrow_forwardWhy do nations fight trade wars? What are their goals?arrow_forwardWhen Ozland closes off to trade, it notices that the number of firms in an industry double in size. What economic theory would help us explain this phenomenon? Stolper-Samuelson. Melitz. Ricardian. Cournot. please explain answer and a diagramarrow_forward
- Please no written by hand and no emage Countries use a variety of ways to protect their trade. One way is to enact tariffs, which tax imports. This immediately raises the price of imported goods, making them less competitive when compared to locally produced goods. This works especially well for a country like the U.S., which imports a lot of consumer products and oil. The most famous example is the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930. It was originally designed to protect farmers from agricultural imports from Europe, which was stepping up farming after the destruction of World War I. Go online and find out about the Smoot-Hawley Act. What role did the Smoot-Hawley Act play in the Great Depression? Into which ideological perspective would you classify the Smoot-Hawley Act? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardExplain why trade Is Important.arrow_forwardMake the case in favor of international trade based on comparative advantage.arrow_forward
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