Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 32.2, Problem 2CC
VISUAL SKILLS Ø Explain what is represented by the red colored portion of the branch leading to animals. (See Figure26.5, "Visualizing Phylogenetic Relationships," to review phylogenetic tree diagrams.)
| Common ancestorof |
| Sponges |
| AI other animals |
Most recent common ancestor of animals (770 mya)
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See attached. Please put either Homologous Structures or Analogous Structures in the "Type" Row and its functions in the "Functions" row. Thanks!
See attached. 1. Which pair of animals in numbers 1-3 belongs to a common ancestral group? Explain your answer.2. Fossils and anatomical records both provide pieces of evidence of evolution. How do you determine the age of fossils of an Aurorazhdarcho micronyx and an Archeopterix?
Use the following phylogenetic tree to help determine if the provided examples below are
homologous structures or analogous structures.
Figure 27.10
ANCESTRAL
PROTIST
Metazoa
770 million
years ago
©2014 Pearson Education, Inc
Eumetazoa
680
million.
years ago
670 million
years ago
Bilateria
Deuterostomia
Lophotrochozoa Ecdysozoa
The worm shape of a hemicordata and the worm shape of a
nematoda
Porifera
Ctenophora
Cnidaria
The scales of a fish (chordata) and the scales of a scaleworm
(annelida)
The shell of the brachiopoda and the shell of the mollusca
The shell of a mollusca and the hard outer surface of the
arthropods
Hemichordata
Echinodermata
The holes in human skin (pores) and the hole in the body of a
porifera
Chordata
Platyhelminthes
Rotifera
Ectoprocta
Brachiopoda
EXAMPLE
The round shape of an Echinodermata and the round shape of a
ctenophora
Mollusca
Annelida
Nematoda
Arthropoda
The trochophore larval stage of a Mollusca and the trochophore
larval stage of an annelida.
Homologous…
Chapter 32 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 32.1 - Summarize the main stages of animal development....Ch. 32.1 - WHAT IF? What animal characteristics would be...Ch. 32.2 - Put the following milestones in animal evolution...Ch. 32.2 - VISUAL SKILLS Explain what is represented by the...Ch. 32.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Evaluate whether the origin of...Ch. 32.3 - Distinguish the terms grade and clade.Ch. 32.3 - Compare three aspects of the early development of...Ch. 32.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 32.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 32.4 - WHAT IF? Suppose ctenophores are basal metazoans...
Ch. 32.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 32 - Prob. 32.1CRCh. 32 - What caused ihe Cambrian exploston? Describe...Ch. 32 - Describe how body plans provide useful Information...Ch. 32 - Prob. 32.4CRCh. 32 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 32 - The distinction between sponges and other animal...Ch. 32 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 32 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 32 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION A professor begins a lecture...Ch. 32 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA Redraw the...Ch. 32 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Animal life...Ch. 32 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This organism is an...
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- INSTRUCTION: - Answer the question properly - Discuss your answer - Do not copy in Google or here in Bartleby. Construct your own answer. Figure 1: The phylogenetic tree of the Mysticeti. QUESTION: 1. List tree synapomorphies shared by extant filter-feeding whales.arrow_forwardTree Thinking Review Draw a bracketed phylogenetic tree of the following groups on the next blank page: • Peat Moss • Capybara • Ostrich Fern • Blobfish • White Pine Tree • Protists • Escheria coli • Mexico Whiptail Lizard • Sunflower Sea Star • Bold Jumping Spider • T. Rex • Flatworm • Apple Tree • Archaea • Chanterelle Mushroom Grasshopper Sparrow After you draw your tree, label where the following traits would have evolved. Consider that traits may have evolved more than one time. • Chloroplasts • Seeds • Endosperm • Flowers • Vascular Tissue • Mitochondria Segmentation • Central Nervous System • Notochord • Vertebrae • Nucleus • Membrane Bound Organelles • Peptidoglycans • Cranium Fur • Lactation • Feathers Jaws • Hollow Dorsal Nerve Cordarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 9. In interpreting a cladogram, (a) we can identify the specific ancestor of each taxon by tracing each branch back to the node closest to the root (b) taxa on the right side of a cladogram have evolved from the taxa on the left side (c) the relative placement of smaller branches allows us to determine the number of years since a particular taxon has evolved (d) we can determine relationships by tracing along the branches back to the most recent common ancestor (e) we must first identify horizontal gene transferarrow_forward
- C. Phylogenetic tree Interpretation. Salamander Lizard - Perch Hagfish Mouse Chimp Pigeon, Feathers Fur; mammary glands Claws or nails Lungs Jaws 1. Which organisms in the cladogram in figure 1 have fur and mammary glands? 2. Which organisms in the cladogram in figure 1 have jaws? 3. Based on the cladogram, which shared a common ancestor most recently----a mouse and a lizard or a mouse and a perch? 4. Which two organisms would you expect to have a closer matching DNA sequence for a gene that doesn't matter in terms of natural selection?--Hagfish and Pigeon or Hagfish and Salamander?arrow_forward(e) Using your phylogenetics knowledge from the first exam material , how was the approximate time of divergence between bees and their sister taxa estimated ?arrow_forwardWhy are simpler structures considered ancestral when we study phylogeny? * 1 point Complex structures often evolve from simpler ones. Time element is a major consideration. The presence of a character state among some members of a lineage and an outgroup indicates that the character is ancestral. Simpler structures were more likely to be found in fossil records.arrow_forward
- Design an Experiment Imagine that you are trying to determine the evolutionary relationships among six groups of animals that look very much alike because they have few measurable morphological characters. What data would you collect to reconstruct their phylogenetic history?arrow_forward5.) in the space below, draw an evolutionarily accurate phylogenetic tree with the 5 lineages of amniotes shown in the top figure, but with a different arrangement. ( exclude lungfish and amphibians)arrow_forwardMake a phylogenetic treearrow_forward
- Answer according to phylogenetic tree for animal phyla 1. Which phyla are radically symmetrical? 2. Which phyla are coelomates? 3. Which phyla are triploblastic? Explain what triplobastic means. 4. Which phyla have segmented bodies and a closed blood system? 5. a) Differentiate between an exoskeleton and endoskeleton. b) Which phyla have these skeletons? c) Give one advantage and disadvantage of each of this skeletons 6. Which phylum did not hive rise to any other group of animals? 7. Name one feature of the chordates that make them different from the other phyla 8. What was the common ancestor of all animals?arrow_forwardDifferentiate analogous structures from homologous types. Identify which is which among the shark, pigeon and cat when you transition from each of the classes. For this, create a 4-column table with the following headings: (1) Structure, (2) Specimen a vs b, (3) Specimen b vs c, and (4) Specimen c vs a. For each cell, write either AS for analogous structures, or HS for homologous types. Note (not all structures encountered need to be here).arrow_forwardSTANDARDIZED PHYLOGENETICS BIODIVERSITY EVOLUTION EVIDENCES BIOLÓGISTS KINGDOM TAXONOMY TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION PHYLOGENETIC TREE is in charge of A branch of biology called (2). system. A (4) who are experts in taxonomy, helps scientists The variety of life in the world is known as (1) classifying species and giving names via (3). understand and organize the diversity of life in our planet. Basically, it means groups are classified within larger groups. The hierarchical (5) of hierarchy is called the taxonomic level wherein the (6) different because it tells the history of the (7) (8) on. Scientist must collect accurate information using (9) using a (10) which looks like a sequentially branching tree, starting with one common branch, and then splitting into more branches helps scientists understand and organize the diversity of life in our planet .Each level is the highest and specie the lowest. Phylogeny is of a species or group of organisms. A field of science called works on the…arrow_forward
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