CAMPBELL BIOLOGY (18W)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780136858256
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3.2, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? Ø A water strider (an insect that can walk on water) has legs that are coated with a hydrophobic substance. What might be the benefit? What would happen if the substance were hydrophilic?
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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine:
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
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2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0
Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…
The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?
Chapter 3 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY (18W)
Ch. 3.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS What is electronegativity, and...Ch. 3.1 - WHAT IF? What would be the effect on the...Ch. 3.1 - Why is it unlikely that two neighboring water...Ch. 3.1 - WHAT IF? What would be the effect on the...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 3.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 3.2 - WHAT IF? A water strider (an insect that can walk...Ch. 3.2 - WHAT IF? A water strider (an insect that can walk...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 3.3 - Compared with a basic Solution at pH 9, the same...
Ch. 3.3 - HCl is a strong acid that dissociates in water:...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 3.3 - Prob. 4CCCh. 3 - DRAW IT Label a hydrogen bond and a polar...Ch. 3 - Describe how different types of solutes dissolve...Ch. 3 - Explain what happens to the concentration...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is a hydrophobic material?...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 3 - Measurements show that the pH of a particuiar lake...Ch. 3 - What is the hydroxide ion concentration of the...Ch. 3 - A slice of pizza has 500 kcal. If we could burn...Ch. 3 - DRAW IT Draw the hydration shells that form around...Ch. 3 - In agricultural areas, farmers pay close attention...Ch. 3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS What do climate change (see...Ch. 3 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION This chapter explains how the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 3 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION Several emergent...Ch. 3 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE How do cats drink?...
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