Concept explainers
To determine: The reliable indicator of phylogenetic relationships among acoelomate, pseudocoelomates, and coelomates.
Introduction: Phylogenetic relationships refer to the evolutionary relationships which exist among different organisms. It specifies a time at which two different groups of organisms shared a common ancestor.
Explanation of Solution
Acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate do not serve as reliable indicators of phylogenetic relationships even though these characters are ancestral because these characters re-evolved and appeared later again. Coelom evolved only one and is a common character in both protostomes and deuterostomes. However, certain protostomes and deuterostomes have evolved to form pseudocoelomic and acoelomic conditions. Further, the pseudocoelomic condition has exhibited convergent evolution in several animal clades and acoelomic condition re-evolved and appeared in Bilataria.
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Chapter 32 Solutions
EP CONNECT ONLINE ACCESS FOR BIOLOGY
- Contrast the field of systematics with that of taxonomy and phylogenetics. How is systematics defined? How is taxonomy and phylogenetics similar or different from systematics? How did the systematic placement of Calostoma change our understanding of this taxon, in regards to the study Phylogeny of Calostoma, the gelatinous-stalked puffball, based on nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences by Hughey and colleagues?arrow_forwardDownload a phylogenetic tree of Bilateria that includes the ten phyla of bilaterian discussed in this module. From the tree, be able to identify whether members of the phylum are coelomates (C), pseudocoelomates (P), or acoelomates (A). Use your labeled tree to answer the following questions: a) For each of the three major clades of bilaterian, what can be inferred about whether the common ancestor of the clade had a true coelom? b) To what extent has the presence of a true coelom in animals changed over the course of evolution?arrow_forwardAs we have discussed in class, phylogenies are hypotheses, and can therefore change over time with new evidence. Relatively recent and strong molecular evidence (that we did not discuss in class) suggests that all members of the Subphylum Hexapoda are derived from a common ancestor within the Subphylum Crustacea, as in the cladogram shown below. Given this new information, answer the question below. Note: Don't panic. Some of the names of these groups are new to you (Copepoda, Malacostraca, and Remipedia are all classes or subclasses within the Subphylum Crustacea), but this will not affect your ability to answer this question. Myriapoda Copepoda (Crustacea) Malacostraca (Crustacea) Hexapoda Remipedia (Crustacea) If we insisted that all groups must be categorized and named so that taxonomic ranks/names always include a single common ancestor and all of its descendants, how would this new evidence change our definition of a hexapod? Hexapoda and Melacostraca would have to be classified…arrow_forward
- Please solvearrow_forwardThe taxon Teleostomi is defined as the group which includes all the descendants of the common ancestor of ray-finned fishes and birds (Aves). How many branches on this tree would have their organisms included in Teleostomi? Pisces Osteichthyes (bony fishes) Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) Cyclostomata FAgnatha) Tetrapoda Amniota Reptilia 0 6 07 8. 0 9 ochemistr..docx W Electrochemistr....docx DropboxInstalle..dmg Mixini (hagfishes) Petromizontida (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi dungfishes) Amphibia Mammalia Non-avian reptiles Avesarrow_forwardLabel lines on right by Supergroup: E = Excavata; Am = Amoebozoa; C = Chromalveolata; Ar= Archaeplastida %3Darrow_forward
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