Chapter 31.5, Problem 17SAQ

Summary Introduction

Vascular plants are defined as any plants that exhibit xylem and phloem, the vascular tissues. The vascular plants composed of all seed-bearing plants such as gymnosperm and angiosperm and the pteridophytes such as ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes. Gymnosperms are defined as a group of seed-producing plants such as cycads, conifers, gnetophytes, and ginkgo. The term “gymnosperm” indicates “naked seeds”. Gymnosperms lack flowers or fruits and possess unenclosed seeds on the leaf surfaces. Unlike gymnosperms, angiosperm’s seeds are enclosed in a flower. The fertilization of eggs of angiosperms results in the development of seed in an ovary, which resides in a flower.