To contrast: The nutritional mode of fungus and humans. Concept introduction: Nutrients are the substances in food that maintain the body and make it work. Fungi are multicellular eukaryotes (except yeast) and are classified according to their structure and mode of reproduction. Fungi are achlorophylous (do not contain chlorophyll and not able to make food). They are heterotrophic feeders as they depend on other organisms for the carbon source. Unlike humans, they do not ingest their food but instead absorb nutrients from the surrounding environment by secreting various hydrolytic enzymes or act in the form of saprobes, symbionts, or parasites . By contrast, humans have the holozoic mode of nutrition; they relatively ingest large pieces of food and thus, digest the food in their bodies.

Question

A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 31.1, Problem 1CC

Summary Introduction

To contrast: The nutritional mode of fungus and humans.

Concept introduction: Nutrients are the substances in food that maintain the body and make it work. Fungi are multicellular eukaryotes (except yeast) and are classified according to their structure and mode of reproduction. Fungi are achlorophylous (do not contain chlorophyll and not able to make food). They are heterotrophic feeders as they depend on other organisms for the carbon source. Unlike humans, they do not ingest their food but instead absorb nutrients from the surrounding environment by secreting various hydrolytic enzymes or act in the form of saprobes, symbionts, or parasites. By contrast, humans have the holozoic mode of nutrition; they relatively ingest large pieces of food and thus, digest the food in their bodies.

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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.

With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 31.1, Problem 1CC

Summary Introduction

To contrast: The nutritional mode of fungus and humans.

Concept introduction: Nutrients are the substances in food that maintain the body and make it work. Fungi are multicellular eukaryotes (except yeast) and are classified according to their structure and mode of reproduction. Fungi are achlorophylous (do not contain chlorophyll and not able to make food). They are heterotrophic feeders as they depend on other organisms for the carbon source. Unlike humans, they do not ingest their food but instead absorb nutrients from the surrounding environment by secreting various hydrolytic enzymes or act in the form of saprobes, symbionts, or parasites. By contrast, humans have the holozoic mode of nutrition; they relatively ingest large pieces of food and thus, digest the food in their bodies.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 31.1, Problem 1CC

Summary Introduction

To contrast: The nutritional mode of fungus and humans.

Concept introduction: Nutrients are the substances in food that maintain the body and make it work. Fungi are multicellular eukaryotes (except yeast) and are classified according to their structure and mode of reproduction. Fungi are achlorophylous (do not contain chlorophyll and not able to make food). They are heterotrophic feeders as they depend on other organisms for the carbon source. Unlike humans, they do not ingest their food but instead absorb nutrients from the surrounding environment by secreting various hydrolytic enzymes or act in the form of saprobes, symbionts, or parasites. By contrast, humans have the holozoic mode of nutrition; they relatively ingest large pieces of food and thus, digest the food in their bodies.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 31.1, Problem 1CC

Summary Introduction