To label: The given diagram of the olfactory structures. Introduction: Olfactory organ is a sensory system that aids the process of smelling. Smelling or olfaction helps to detect food and toxic substances. A type of sensory receptors called olfactory receptors to pick up the stimulus and send to the brain where the signal is decoded.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 31, Problem F31.1A

Summary Introduction

To label:

The given diagram of the olfactory structures.

Introduction:

Olfactory organ is a sensory system that aids the process of smelling. Smelling or olfaction helps to detect food and toxic substances. A type of sensory receptors called olfactory receptors to pick up the stimulus and send to the brain where the signal is decoded.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

1: Nerve fibers within the olfactory bulb: Olfactory bulb is located in the forebrain and is involved in sending olfactory signals to the amygdala for further processing. Nerve fibers originating from the bulb form the olfactory nerves.

2: Olfactory nerves: They are sensory nerves that detect smell as stimulus and send to the brain for processing. Together the olfactory nerve fibers form the olfactory nerve which is also considered the first cranial nerve.

3: Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone: This structure protects and supports the olfactory bulb. It also separates the bulb from the olfactory epithelium.

4: Olfactory receptor cells: They are specialized bipolar neurons responsible for picking up the olfactory stimulus. Their nuclei are located in the base of the olfactory epithelium.

5: Columnar epithelial cells: They are the nonneuronal cells located in the olfactory epithelium. They support and protect the olfactory sensory neurons.

6: Cilia: They are present inside the nasal passage on the upper surface. They extend from the olfactory sensory neurons and are covered with olfactory receptors. The receptors detect the odorant molecule.

7: Nasal cavity: It is lined with a mucous membrane and little hairs. The membrane keeps the nose moist and the hairs trap the dirt particles.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 31, Problem F31.1A

Summary Introduction

To label:

The given diagram of the olfactory structures.

Introduction:

Olfactory organ is a sensory system that aids the process of smelling. Smelling or olfaction helps to detect food and toxic substances. A type of sensory receptors called olfactory receptors to pick up the stimulus and send to the brain where the signal is decoded.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

1: Nerve fibers within the olfactory bulb: Olfactory bulb is located in the forebrain and is involved in sending olfactory signals to the amygdala for further processing. Nerve fibers originating from the bulb form the olfactory nerves.

2: Olfactory nerves: They are sensory nerves that detect smell as stimulus and send to the brain for processing. Together the olfactory nerve fibers form the olfactory nerve which is also considered the first cranial nerve.

3: Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone: This structure protects and supports the olfactory bulb. It also separates the bulb from the olfactory epithelium.

4: Olfactory receptor cells: They are specialized bipolar neurons responsible for picking up the olfactory stimulus. Their nuclei are located in the base of the olfactory epithelium.

5: Columnar epithelial cells: They are the nonneuronal cells located in the olfactory epithelium. They support and protect the olfactory sensory neurons.

6: Cilia: They are present inside the nasal passage on the upper surface. They extend from the olfactory sensory neurons and are covered with olfactory receptors. The receptors detect the odorant molecule.

7: Nasal cavity: It is lined with a mucous membrane and little hairs. The membrane keeps the nose moist and the hairs trap the dirt particles.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 31, Problem F31.1A

Summary Introduction

To label:

The given diagram of the olfactory structures.

Introduction:

Olfactory organ is a sensory system that aids the process of smelling. Smelling or olfaction helps to detect food and toxic substances. A type of sensory receptors called olfactory receptors to pick up the stimulus and send to the brain where the signal is decoded.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

1: Nerve fibers within the olfactory bulb: Olfactory bulb is located in the forebrain and is involved in sending olfactory signals to the amygdala for further processing. Nerve fibers originating from the bulb form the olfactory nerves.

2: Olfactory nerves: They are sensory nerves that detect smell as stimulus and send to the brain for processing. Together the olfactory nerve fibers form the olfactory nerve which is also considered the first cranial nerve.

3: Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone: This structure protects and supports the olfactory bulb. It also separates the bulb from the olfactory epithelium.

4: Olfactory receptor cells: They are specialized bipolar neurons responsible for picking up the olfactory stimulus. Their nuclei are located in the base of the olfactory epithelium.

5: Columnar epithelial cells: They are the nonneuronal cells located in the olfactory epithelium. They support and protect the olfactory sensory neurons.

6: Cilia: They are present inside the nasal passage on the upper surface. They extend from the olfactory sensory neurons and are covered with olfactory receptors. The receptors detect the odorant molecule.

7: Nasal cavity: It is lined with a mucous membrane and little hairs. The membrane keeps the nose moist and the hairs trap the dirt particles.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 31, Problem F31.1A

Summary Introduction

To label:

The given diagram of the olfactory structures.

Introduction:

Olfactory organ is a sensory system that aids the process of smelling. Smelling or olfaction helps to detect food and toxic substances. A type of sensory receptors called olfactory receptors to pick up the stimulus and send to the brain where the signal is decoded.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

1: Nerve fibers within the olfactory bulb: Olfactory bulb is located in the forebrain and is involved in sending olfactory signals to the amygdala for further processing. Nerve fibers originating from the bulb form the olfactory nerves.

2: Olfactory nerves: They are sensory nerves that detect smell as stimulus and send to the brain for processing. Together the olfactory nerve fibers form the olfactory nerve which is also considered the first cranial nerve.

3: Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone: This structure protects and supports the olfactory bulb. It also separates the bulb from the olfactory epithelium.

4: Olfactory receptor cells: They are specialized bipolar neurons responsible for picking up the olfactory stimulus. Their nuclei are located in the base of the olfactory epithelium.

5: Columnar epithelial cells: They are the nonneuronal cells located in the olfactory epithelium. They support and protect the olfactory sensory neurons.

6: Cilia: They are present inside the nasal passage on the upper surface. They extend from the olfactory sensory neurons and are covered with olfactory receptors. The receptors detect the odorant molecule.

7: Nasal cavity: It is lined with a mucous membrane and little hairs. The membrane keeps the nose moist and the hairs trap the dirt particles.

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Answer 5

Chapter 31, Problem F31.1A

Summary Introduction

To label:

The given diagram of the olfactory structures.

Introduction:

Olfactory organ is a sensory system that aids the process of smelling. Smelling or olfaction helps to detect food and toxic substances. A type of sensory receptors called olfactory receptors to pick up the stimulus and send to the brain where the signal is decoded.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

1: Nerve fibers within the olfactory bulb: Olfactory bulb is located in the forebrain and is involved in sending olfactory signals to the amygdala for further processing. Nerve fibers originating from the bulb form the olfactory nerves.

2: Olfactory nerves: They are sensory nerves that detect smell as stimulus and send to the brain for processing. Together the olfactory nerve fibers form the olfactory nerve which is also considered the first cranial nerve.

3: Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone: This structure protects and supports the olfactory bulb. It also separates the bulb from the olfactory epithelium.

4: Olfactory receptor cells: They are specialized bipolar neurons responsible for picking up the olfactory stimulus. Their nuclei are located in the base of the olfactory epithelium.

5: Columnar epithelial cells: They are the nonneuronal cells located in the olfactory epithelium. They support and protect the olfactory sensory neurons.

6: Cilia: They are present inside the nasal passage on the upper surface. They extend from the olfactory sensory neurons and are covered with olfactory receptors. The receptors detect the odorant molecule.

7: Nasal cavity: It is lined with a mucous membrane and little hairs. The membrane keeps the nose moist and the hairs trap the dirt particles.

Answer 6

Chapter 31, Problem F31.1A

Summary Introduction

To label:

The given diagram of the olfactory structures.

Introduction:

Olfactory organ is a sensory system that aids the process of smelling. Smelling or olfaction helps to detect food and toxic substances. A type of sensory receptors called olfactory receptors to pick up the stimulus and send to the brain where the signal is decoded.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

1: Nerve fibers within the olfactory bulb: Olfactory bulb is located in the forebrain and is involved in sending olfactory signals to the amygdala for further processing. Nerve fibers originating from the bulb form the olfactory nerves.

2: Olfactory nerves: They are sensory nerves that detect smell as stimulus and send to the brain for processing. Together the olfactory nerve fibers form the olfactory nerve which is also considered the first cranial nerve.

3: Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone: This structure protects and supports the olfactory bulb. It also separates the bulb from the olfactory epithelium.

4: Olfactory receptor cells: They are specialized bipolar neurons responsible for picking up the olfactory stimulus. Their nuclei are located in the base of the olfactory epithelium.

5: Columnar epithelial cells: They are the nonneuronal cells located in the olfactory epithelium. They support and protect the olfactory sensory neurons.

6: Cilia: They are present inside the nasal passage on the upper surface. They extend from the olfactory sensory neurons and are covered with olfactory receptors. The receptors detect the odorant molecule.

7: Nasal cavity: It is lined with a mucous membrane and little hairs. The membrane keeps the nose moist and the hairs trap the dirt particles.

Answer 7

Chapter 31, Problem F31.1A

Summary Introduction

To label:

The given diagram of the olfactory structures.

Introduction:

Olfactory organ is a sensory system that aids the process of smelling. Smelling or olfaction helps to detect food and toxic substances. A type of sensory receptors called olfactory receptors to pick up the stimulus and send to the brain where the signal is decoded.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

1: Nerve fibers within the olfactory bulb: Olfactory bulb is located in the forebrain and is involved in sending olfactory signals to the amygdala for further processing. Nerve fibers originating from the bulb form the olfactory nerves.

2: Olfactory nerves: They are sensory nerves that detect smell as stimulus and send to the brain for processing. Together the olfactory nerve fibers form the olfactory nerve which is also considered the first cranial nerve.

3: Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone: This structure protects and supports the olfactory bulb. It also separates the bulb from the olfactory epithelium.

4: Olfactory receptor cells: They are specialized bipolar neurons responsible for picking up the olfactory stimulus. Their nuclei are located in the base of the olfactory epithelium.

5: Columnar epithelial cells: They are the nonneuronal cells located in the olfactory epithelium. They support and protect the olfactory sensory neurons.

6: Cilia: They are present inside the nasal passage on the upper surface. They extend from the olfactory sensory neurons and are covered with olfactory receptors. The receptors detect the odorant molecule.

7: Nasal cavity: It is lined with a mucous membrane and little hairs. The membrane keeps the nose moist and the hairs trap the dirt particles.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Ch. 31 - Prob. F31.1A Ch. 31 - Prob. F31.3A Ch. 31 - Prob. 1.1A Ch. 31 - Prob. 1.2A Ch. 31 - Before gaseous substances can stimulate the...Ch. 31 - Prob. 1.4A Ch. 31 - Olfactory bulbs lie on either side of the...Ch. 31 - The sensory impulses pass from the olfactory bulbs...Ch. 31 - Prob. 1.8A Ch. 31 - Prob. 1.9A

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Chapter 31 Solutions