Biology: Concepts and Investigations
Biology: Concepts and Investigations
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780078024207
Author: Mariëlle Hoefnagels Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 31, Problem 1MCQ
Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Breathing is a mechanical process where the gases are exchanged between the lungs and the atmosphere. Breathing is the first step of respiration. Breathing occurs due to the changes in the pressure in the thorax or chest cavity of the body.

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Answer to Problem 1MCQ

Correct answer:

The main purpose of breathing in human beings is to exchange gases and to support the cellular aerobic respiration taking place in mitochondria.

Therefore, option (d) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct statement:

Breathing is the process of exchange of gases that is inhalation of oxygen gas and exhalation of carbon dioxide. The oxygen gas taken in by the breathing process is used in the aerobic respiration that takes place in mitochondria of the cell.

Option (d) is given as “Both a and b are correct”.

As, “breathing helps in the elimination of CO2 , and also supports the cellular aerobic respiration occurring in the mitochondria” is the right answer.

Hence, option (d) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (a), is given as “To eliminate CO2 ”.

The breathing process helps in the exhalation of the carbon dioxide gas from the body. As other statements given are also correct, Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (b), is given as “To support aerobic respiration in mitochondria”.

Breathing process helps in the intake of oxygen in the body that helped in the aerobic respiration occurring in the mitochondria. As other statements given are also correct, Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c), is given as “To keep the respiratory surface dry”.

Breathing process does not play any role in the drying of the respiratory surface. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (b), and (c), are incorrect.

Conclusion

Breath in means the inhaling of the oxygen gas while breath out means the exhaling of the carbon dioxide gas.

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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin

Chapter 31 Solutions

Biology: Concepts and Investigations

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