Principles of Economics 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172364
Author: Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
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Chapter 30, Problem 28RQ
What is the difference between a budget deficit and the national debt?
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5. Some people find options expensive and use more complex structures to reduce the cost. For
example, consider buying a call with a strike of $55 and selling a call with a strike of $60.
a. What is the cost of establishing this combined position?
b. What is the payoff of the combined position if the market price goes to $60?
c. What is the payoff of the combined position if the market price goes to $100?
3. An investor has $1,000 to invest. They believe the price of the underlier will increase to $60
within one year.
a. How many shares of stock could they buy with the $1,000 at the current price of $50,
and how much would they make if the share price increased to $60?
b. How many calls with a strike of $55 could they buy for the same $1,000, and how
much would they make if the share price increased to $60?
c. How much would they make (or lose) from the stock and from the calls if the share
price declined to $40?
4. What is the premium on a call with a strike of $0.01? Why is the premium so close to the $50
share price?
1. We want to examine the comparative statics of the Black Scholes model. Complete the
following table using the Excel model from class or another of your choice. Provide the call
premium and the put premium for each scenario.
Underlier
Risk-free
Scenario
price
rate
Volatility
Time to
expiration
Strike
Call
premium
Put
premium
Baseline
$50
5%
25%
1 year
$55
Higher strike
$50
5%
25%
1 year
$60
Higher volatility
$50
5%
40%
1 year
$55
Higher risk free
$50
8%
25%
1 year
$55
More time
$50
5%
25%
2 years
$55
2. Look at the baseline scenario.
a. What is the probability that the call is exercised in the baseline scenario?
b. What is the probability that the put is exercised?
c. Explain why the probabilities sum to 1.
Chapter 30 Solutions
Principles of Economics 2e
Ch. 30 - When governments run budget deficits, how do they...Ch. 30 - When governments run budget surpluses, what is...Ch. 30 - Is it possible for a nation to run budget deficits...Ch. 30 - Suppose that gifts were taxed at a rate of 10 for...Ch. 30 - If an individual owns a corporation for which he...Ch. 30 - What taxes would an individual pay if he were...Ch. 30 - The social security tax is 6.2 on employees income...Ch. 30 - Debt has a certain self-reinforcing quality to it....Ch. 30 - True or False: Federal spending has grown...Ch. 30 - What is the main reason for employing...
Ch. 30 - What is the main reason for employing expansionary...Ch. 30 - In a recession, does the actual budget surplus or...Ch. 30 - What is the main advantage of automatic...Ch. 30 - Explain how automatic stabilizers work, both on...Ch. 30 - What would happen if expansionary fiscal policy...Ch. 30 - What would happen if contractionary fiscal policy...Ch. 30 - Do you think the typical time lag for fiscal...Ch. 30 - How would a balanced budget amendment affect a...Ch. 30 - How would a balanced budget amendment change the...Ch. 30 - Give some examples of changes in federal spending...Ch. 30 - Have the spending and taxes of the U.S. federal...Ch. 30 - What are the main categories of U.S. federal...Ch. 30 - What is the difference between a budget deficit, a...Ch. 30 - Have spending and taxes by state and local...Ch. 30 - What are the main categories of U.S. federal...Ch. 30 - What is the difference between a progressive tax,...Ch. 30 - What has been the general pattern of U.S. budget...Ch. 30 - What is the difference between a budget deficit...Ch. 30 - What is the difference between expansionary fiscal...Ch. 30 - Under what general macroeconomic circumstances...Ch. 30 - What is the difference between discretionary...Ch. 30 - Why do automatic stabilizers function...Ch. 30 - What is the standardized employment budget?Ch. 30 - What are some practical weaknesses of...Ch. 30 - What are some of the arguments for and against a...Ch. 30 - Why is government spending typically measured as a...Ch. 30 - Why are expenditures such as crime prevention and...Ch. 30 - Why is spending by the U.S. government on...Ch. 30 - Excise taxes on tobacco and alcohol and state...Ch. 30 - What is the benefit of having state and local...Ch. 30 - In a booming economy, is the federal government...Ch. 30 - Economist Arthur Laffer famously pointed out that,...Ch. 30 - Is it possible for a nation to run budget deficits...Ch. 30 - How will cuts in state budget spending affect...Ch. 30 - Is expansionary fiscal policy more attractive to...Ch. 30 - Is Medicaid (federal government aid to low-income...Ch. 30 - What is a potential problem with a temporary tax...Ch. 30 - If the government gives a 300 tax cut to everyone...Ch. 30 - Do you agree or disagree with this statement: It...Ch. 30 - During the Great Recession of 20082009, what...Ch. 30 - A government starts off with a total debt of $3.5...Ch. 30 - If a government runs a budget deficit of 10...Ch. 30 - Specify whether expansionary or contractionary...
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