Concept explainers
To explain:
Whether the selection of trait that is both negative and positive.
Introduction:
Bipedalism is a trait shown by highly evolved groups of life forms. This evolution occurs recently in the evolutionary history and is consistent with other highly evolved traits and it gives the animals many advantages. It requires changes or modification in anatomical structure which have some disadvantages too.

Explanation of Solution
Bipedalism has many advantages and disadvantages. One such advantage is that it makes an individual efficient in carrying food and run long distances. Eventually, freed hands enable the organism to create and use tools. However, this feature would require a large brain which happened millions of years ago after bipedalism.
Disadvantages of bipedalism are: bipeds are easily located by predators; they have a risk of back injuries, including slipped discs, and arthritis. As walking upright lifting heavy objects and carrying heavy items put a substantial strain on the lower back, sometimes the strain is so high that legs break down and blood pools, causing the veins to bulge. Thus, the individual becomes unable to move.
In this way, an individual can identify the negative and positive of a trait.
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Chapter 30 Solutions
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