Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134078779
Author: Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. Oster
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 30, Problem 1.2P
To determine
Effects of income tax on labor effort and labor supply.
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Students have asked these similar questions
The FICA tax is levied on employers, employees, and certain self-employed individuals.
Revenue goes to Social Security and Medicare. In 2014, the employee's contribution to the
retirement part of the FICA tax was 6.2 percent of the first $117,000 earned in wages and
salaries. (Medicare is withheld on all wages and tips.) People with income from interest and
dividend
payments do not have to pay any Social Security tax on this income.
What is the tax structure for the income tax over the income range of $0 to $117,000?
O Proportional Tax
O Progressive Tax
Regressive Tax
Suppose you earned $60,000 per year and pay taxes based on marginal tax rates. The first tax bracket which taxes at 10% ranges from zero dollars to $30,000. The second tax bracket which tax at 25% ranges from 30,001 to $120,000. How much will you pay in total taxes?
The FICA (Federal Insurance Contribution Act) income cap is the point at which one’s income is
no longer subject to the 6.2% social security tax that persons pay on their earnings. Under the
current law, only the first $142,800 of earnings is taxed. After that, high earners no longer pay
Social Security tax for the entire year. Presently the Nation's total personal income approaches
$14 trillion. The Congressional Budget Office reports that 80% of all income earned in the
Nation is earned above $142,800.
8A. What is meant by the term “Scrap the Cap.”
8B. If the Cap was “scrapped” and if 12.4 % of the income earned over $142,800 was taxed to
fund Social Security, how much additional revenue would be generated annually for social
security?
8C. Is Social Security really going bankrupt?
Please do fast ASAP... fast
Chapter 30 Solutions
Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
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- Suppose in Fiscalville there is a 0 percent tax on the first $10,000 of income, but there is a 20 percent tax on earnings between $10,000 and $20,000 and a 30 percent tax on income between $20,000 and $30,000. Any income above $30,000 is taxed at 40 percent. Instructions: Round your answers to the nearest whole number. a. If your income is $70,000, how much will you pay in taxes? 2$ b. Determine your marginal tax rate. percent c. Determine your average tax rate. percent d. Is Fiscalville's income tax progressive? (Click to select) Varrow_forwardRay earns an income of $250,000 per year in Country X. Suppose for the year 2014 there is a proportional tax rate of 22%. Also suppose for the year 2015 that the country follows the federal income tax bracket, as shown below. What will be the change in the direction and the amount of income tax paid by Ray? Taxable income between $0 and $9,225 $9,226 and $37,450 $37,451 and $90,750 $90,751 and $189,300 $189,301 and $411,500 Federal income tax bracket 10 percent 15 percent 25 percent 28 percent 33 percent $411,501 and $413,200 35 percent There will be $413,201 and above 39.6 percent ▾ in the income tax paid by Ray in the year 2015 as compared to the year 2014 by $ (Round your answer to two decimal places.)arrow_forwardThe Tax Cuts and Jobs (TCJ) Act of December 2017 introduced the largest reform to the U.S. tax code in more than three decades. One of the most significant changes involved the introduction and refinement of wage income taxes with standard deductions for low-income workers. This change can be introduced into the representative consumer's problem by considering a tax rate of t = 0 for the first I units of real wage income, followed by a proportional tax t on each unit of real wage income greater than r. Therefore, the consumer's optimization problem can be re-expressed as follows: Max U(C,1) subject to Jw(h - 1) + a, ifw(h – 1) 0 I. Determine the effects of the introduction of the deduction on tax payıments. In particular (a) Graph the consumer's budget constraint. (b) Determine the optimization point for the case of a person who does not pay any taxes. Graph. (c) Determine the optimization point for the case of a person who pays taxes. Graph.arrow_forward
- Please help solve. The government started imposing a Digital Services Tax (DST) of six per cent on 1 January 2020 on foreign digital service providers (FSPs) in Malaysia. You are required explain and discuss the Digital Service Tax (DST) on how will Governments be impacted by the digital tax?arrow_forwardSuppose in Fiscalville there is a 0 percent tax on the first $10,000 of income, but there is a 20 percent tax on earnings between $10,000 and $20,000 and a 30 percent tax on income between $20,000 and $30,000. Any income above $30,000 is taxed at 40 percent. Instructions: Round your answers to the nearest whole number. a. If your income is $60,000, how much will you pay in taxes? $ 13,000 8 b. Determine your marginal tax rate. 40 percent c. Determine your average tax rate. 21.6 * percent d. Is Fiscalville's income tax progressive? Yesarrow_forwardCompare the tax breaks for two different income groups in the Bush 2006 tax billarrow_forward
- Suppose in Fiscalville there is a 5 percent tax on the first $10,000 of income, but there is a 15 percent tax on earnings between $10,000 and $20,000 and a 25 percent tax on income between $20,000 and $30,000. Any income above $30,000 is taxed at 35 percent. Instructions: Round your answers to the nearest whole number. a. If your income is $70,000, how much will you pay in taxes? b. Determine your marginal tax rate. percent c. Determine your average tax rate. percentarrow_forward2. For 2021, the wage base limit for Social Security taxes increased to $142,800, meaning that wage/salary income above $142,800 is not taxed for Social Security. That means up to $8,853 can be withheld from your paycheck for Social Security taxes for the year, but not more, regardless of how much you earn. The payroll tax for the Social Security program is 12.4%. One reform idea is to remove the wage base limit so all wage/salary income is subject to the 12.4% payroll tax for Social Security. a. Now that you have some expertise in public finance, please provide policy advice on this reform proposal. Describe the benefits and drawbacks of adopting this proposal. b. What are the implications for behaviors, such as employment, work hours, retirement decisions, etc.? c. Draw a graph to describe the reform and a behavioral change. Explain it.arrow_forwardThere are two individuals in a society. The federal income tax in this society is such that that the first $20,000 of income is taxed at 10% and income above that is taxed at 30%. The federal government allows taxes paid to local governments to be deducted. James earns a gross income of $40,000, and Jane earns a gross income of $65,000. Out of his income, James pays $1,000 in local taxes; out of her income, Jane pays $20,000 in local taxes. Which of the following statements is true? A.The federal tax system is progressive. B.James’ total (local + federal) tax bill is greater than Jane’s total tax bill. C.The federal tax system is proportional. D.The federal tax system is regressivearrow_forward
- There are two individuals in a society. The federal income tax in this society is such that that the first $20,000 of income is taxed at 10% and income above that is taxed at 30%. The federal government allows taxes paid to local governments to be deducted. James earns a gross income of $40,000, and Jane earns a gross income of $65,000. Out of his income, James pays $1,000 in local taxes; out of her income, Jane pays $20,000 in local taxes. Which of the following statements is true? a. The federal tax system is proportional. b. James’ total (local + federal) tax bill is greater than Jane’s total tax bill. c. The federal tax system is regressive d. The federal tax system is progressive.arrow_forward1. 2. 3. The working-age population in Concordia was estimated to be 6.5 million in a certain year. The country's labor department announced that the total number of unemployed people in the country had gone up to 460,000 during this year while, the total number of people out of the labor force decreased to 2,000,000. Oscar Lewis, a student of labor economics believes that the labor department data is flawed. The government of Concordia adopted expansionary fiscal policies in the last two years with the aim of increasing employment. However, the government has been unable to bring down the unemployment rate in the country. Which of the following, if true, best explains this outcome? OA The government implemented a generous welfare plan 3 years ago to support people who cannot find work. OB. The number of students who enroll for higher education is decreasing every year. Oc. During this period, the country's government reduced the limits on foreign direct investment in key sectors. OD.…arrow_forwardPresident Clinton has seized the cigarette excise tax as an expedient and politically correct means of increaseing federal revenue. In 1994 the federal government took in $12 billion from the present 24-cents-per-pack tax. If the tax were quadrupled to $1 a pack, Clinton figures tax revenues would increase by more than $50 billion over three years. Those added revenues would help finance the heath care reforms the president so dearly wants. Professor Gary Becker, a Nobel Prize-winning economist at the University of Chicago,says Clinton math is wrong. The White House assumed that cigarettes sales would drop by 4 percent for every 10 percent increase in prices, not the full adjustment of smokers' behavior. Over a three-year period, cigarette consumption is likely to decline by 8 percent for every 10 percent increase in price-twice as much as Clinton assumed.As a result,the $1-a-pack tax will bring in much less revenue than President Clinton projected. According to Professor Becker, by…arrow_forward
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