Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605180
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case, Derek Weber, Warner Bair
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 8MCQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
A
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Describe in detail all the steps needed to determine whether an Unknown bacteria has a Gram-positive or Gram-negative cell wall using the Gram stain. (You can describe the method presented in the Exercise 3-6 Gram stain videos or in the Lab Manual.)
1. Start by describing the method of transferring the bacteria onto the microscope slide, then describe heat-fixing the emulsion of the Unknown bacteria. (Do not describe all the steps needed to perform aseptic technique. Just say “Bacteria was added aseptically.”)
2. Describe the Gram stain in detail. (This description should include all the stains, how long the stain should set on slide, and Genus and species names of bacteria you are using as CONTROLS.)
Based from the results obtained from Gram staining, explain why bacterial cells retained or changed their color. Briefly explain the principle behind the procedure.
Cite advantages of differential staining method (Gram staining and endospore staining) over simple staining only.
List other staining methods aside from those you performed in the laboratory.
conclusion:
After conducting the Gram staining procedures and you observe nothing (you didn’t see anything) in your slide under the microscope, what could be the mistake you have done?
What can you observe when you view a Gram stained-mixture of bacterial specimen?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
Ch. 3 - Fill in the following blanks. 1. 1 m = ________ m...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2RCh. 3 - Prob. 3RCh. 3 - Prob. 4RCh. 3 - Prob. 5RCh. 3 - Why is a mordant used in the Gram stain? In the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 7RCh. 3 - Prob. 8RCh. 3 - Fill in the following table regarding the Gram...Ch. 3 - NAME IT A sputum sample from Calle, a 30-year-old...
Ch. 3 - Through the microscope, the green structures are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 3 - Carbolfuchsin can be used as a simple stain and a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 3 - Which of the following is not a functionally...Ch. 3 - Which of the following pairs is mismatched? 1....Ch. 3 - Assume you stain Clostridium by applying a basic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 3 - In 1996, scientists described a new tapeworm...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 3 - Prob. 1ACh. 3 - Prob. 2ACh. 3 - Why isnt the Gram stain used on acid-fast...Ch. 3 - Endospores can be seen as refractile structures in...Ch. 3 - In 1882, German bacteriologist Paul Erhlich...Ch. 3 - Laboratory diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae...Ch. 3 - Assume that you are viewing a Gram-stained sample...
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- For the picture below, answer the following questions: A. What is the shape of the bacteria? B. What is the arrangement of the bacteria? C. If this slide shows a Gram stain, what is the Gram stain reaction? If this slide does not show a Gram stain, please state that as your answer. ASM MicrobeLibrary.org Smitharrow_forwardYou make a smear of E. coli and then simple stain the slide with methylene blue. If you failed to use correct aseptic technique by not sterilizing the loop before picking up the bacterial sample for the smear, what results may be seen under the microscope? A Both blue and purple cells may be seen on the slide. B No cells may be visible on the slide. C There may be cells of different shapes, sizes, and arrangements.arrow_forward1. What is the purpose for using stains? What microbial characteristics can one ascertain from a simple stain? 2. Why is it necessary to make a heat-fix smear and what are the disadvantages of heat fixing? 3. what is the best age for your culture when performing a gram stain? Why? 4. Why is Gean staining considered a differential staining process? 5. What are some reasons a Gram positive cell might appear Gram negative?arrow_forward
- A student missed the laboratory period where the use of the microscope was demonstrated. The instructor asked the student to read the description in the laboratory manual and then proceed to examine bacterial cells with the oil immersion lens. The student skimmed the directions and began. After about 15 minutes of struggling, the student gave up in despair without seeing anything. Below is a detailed description of what the student did. How many mistakes did the student make and why didn’t the student see anything? a. Plugged in the microscope and turned the light source to maximum intensity. Made a wet mount and placed it on the stage with the low-power objective lens in position. Tried to focus with the coarse adjustment, but decided the bacteria were too small and needed to be seen with the high-power objective lens. Rotated the high-power objective lens into position, but saw the lens would likely touch the slide, so lowered the stage so that the objective lens rotated freely.…arrow_forwardIn a Gram-stained smear, medium-sized rods with rounded, pink ends were found, arranged chaotically. 1. What are the tinctorial properties of the bacteria from which the smear is made? 2. What is the purpose of studying the tinctorial properties of microorganisms? 3. How to stain the slide by the Gram method?arrow_forwardBefore viewing a specimen of pigmented bacteria on a slide under the light microscope, which of the following usually needs to happen (and why)? Staining (to increase magnification). Heat, radiation or antimicrobial chemical treatment (to kill the bacteria for safe observation). Add immersion oil (to increase resolution). Add a cover slip (to reduce contamination). The viewing chamber needs to be flushed of air (to create a vacuum).arrow_forward
- A differential stain can: A separate bacteria into groups by cytoplasm composition R separate bacterial into groups by the presence of unique structures separate bacteria into groups by cell wall composition C. D. Identify viruses identify bacterial capsules and endospores OE. A Moving to the next question prevents changes to this answer.arrow_forwardSelect all that apply to a negative stain: 1. involves a washing step 2. cells may be distorted or shrunken 3. uses an acidic or negatively charged dye which stains the background 4. uses multiple dyes in the procedure 5. uses only 1 dye in the procedure 6. involves fixing 7. does not involve fixing 8. cells will not be distorted or shrunken 9. does not involve a washing step 10. can show cell morphology, size, and arrangement 11. uses a basic or positively charged dye which stains the bacterial cellsarrow_forwardSelect all that apply to a direct simple stain: 1. the dye is acidic or negatively charged and stains the background 2. uses multiple dyes in the procedure 3. cells will never be distorted or shrunken 4. uses only 1 dye in the procedure 5. does involve a washing step 6. can be used to determine cell morphology, size, and arrangement. 7. does involve fixing 8. the dye is basic or positively charged and stains the bacteria 9. cells may be distorted or shrunken 10. does not involve a washing step 11. does not involve fixingarrow_forward
- Explain the principle of Gram staining. (You do not need to describe the procedure step by step).arrow_forwardSupposed you are to observe an unknown bacterial slide. In your initial observation, it appears to be in fading color and the shape of the specimen seems to be diffused. How are you going to troubleshoot the focusing of the specimen for you to identify clearly the bacteria?arrow_forwardAfter completion of a Gram stain procedure, you notice the bacteria cells shown in the picture below. How would you categorize the bacteria based on 1. Gram stain results, 2. Cell arrangement, and 3. cell shape.? Would the bacteria in question 7 have a thick layer of peptidoglycan or a thin layer of peptidoglycan in its cell wall? Would the bacteria in question 7 have an outer lipopolysaccharide layer in its cell wall? Would the antibiotic penicillin likely work to eliminate infection with the bacteria in question 7? How would you describe the type of flagella arrangement for the bacterium below? (You'll use one word for the description here.)arrow_forward
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