Evolution
Evolution
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781605356051
Author: Douglas Futuyma, Mark Kirkpatrick
Publisher: SINAUER
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Chapter 3, Problem 6PDT
Summary Introduction

To explain: The way in which natural selection prepares organisms for future events.

Introduction: Natural selection has no insight; it prepares the organisms for future events. For example, deciduous trees at high latitude drop their leaves before winter arrives in the spring, and animals such as squirrels and jays store food as winter approaches.

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Which of the following best explains the connection between increased competition and the evolution of a species by natural selection? Individuals migrate to another area in order to avoid competition for limited resources in the current ecosystem. Individuals that have traits that allow them to outcompete others survive better and produce more offspring. Individuals must become stronger to compete for resources, and this increased strength is passed on to the next generation. Individuals that must compete for limited resources are more likely to have diseases that cause mutations.
Robins typically lay four eggs. Four eggs allow the offspring to be well fed, whereas larger clutches may result in malnourished chicks that have a lower chance of survival. Fewer than four eggs per clutch may result in no surviving offspring if the eggs are preyed upon. Which type of pattern of natural selection MOST LIKELY acts to keep four eggs the most common clutch size?
Monarch butterflies and viceroy butterflies are both found in the United States and parts of Canada and Mexico. Monarch butterflies have a particular orange and black wing pattern and are toxic. Viceroy butterflies are non-toxic but have a very similar wing pattern to the monarch. Scientists have observed that attempted predation of viceroy butterflies is lower in regions that are also inhabited by monarch butterflies. Why would natural selection select for a non-poisonous butterfly with the same markings as a poisonous butterfly?
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