
Concept explainers
Work in process account data for two months; cost of production reports
Pittsburgh Aluminum Company uses a
During September, 2,600 units in process on September 1 were completed, and of the 28,900 units entering the department, all were completed except 2,900 units that were 4⁄5 completed.
Charges to Work in Process—Rolling for October were as follows:
During October, the units in process at the beginning of the month were completed, and of the 31,000 units entering the department, all were completed except 2,000 units that were 2⁄5 completed.
Instructions
- 1. Enter the balance as of September 1 in a four-column account for Work in Process—Rolling. Record the debits and the credits in the account for September. Construct a cost of production report and present computations for determining (A) equivalent units of production for materials and conversion, (B) costs per equivalent unit, (C) cost of goods finished, differentiating between units started in the prior period and units started and finished in September, and (D) work in process inventory.
- 2. Provide the same information for October by recording the October transactions in the four-column work in process account. Construct a cost of production report, and present the October computations (A through D) listed in part (1).
- 3. Comment on the change in costs per equivalent unit for August through October for direct materials and conversion cost.
(1)

Prepare the four-column account for work in process inventory balancerolling departmentfrom September to October of Company PA.
Explanation of Solution
Process costs
It is a method of cost accounting, which is used where the production is continuous, and the product needs various processes to complete. This method is used to ascertain the cost of the product at each process or stage of production.
Equivalents units for production
The activity of a processing department in terms of fully completed units is known as equivalent units. It includes the completed units of direct materials and conversion cost of beginning work in process, units completed and transferred out, and ending work in process.
Production cot report
A production cost report is a comprehensive report prepared for each department separately at the end of a particular period, which represents the physical flow and cost flow of product for the concerned department.
Prepare the four column account for work in process inventory balance rolling department from September to October of Company PA as shown below:
Work in Process - Rolling | |||||
Date | Item | Debit | Credit | Balance | |
Debit | Credit | ||||
Sept 1 | Balance, 2,600 units | $45,825 | |||
Sept 30 | Smelting department | $462,400 | $508,225 | ||
Sept 30 | Direct labor | $158,920 | $667,145 | ||
Sept 30 | Factory overhead | $101,402 | $768,547 | ||
Sept 30 | Finished goods | $702,195 | $66,352 | ||
Sept 30 | Balance, 2,900 units | $66,352 | |||
Oct 31 | Smelting department | $511,500 | $577,852 | ||
Oct 31 | Direct labor | $162,850 | $740,702 | ||
Oct 31 | Factory overhead | $104,494 | $845,196 | ||
Oct 31 | Finished goods | $805,156 | $40,040 | ||
Oct 31 | Balance, 2,000 units | $40,040 |
Table (1)
Hence, Work in process inventory ending balance for the month of September is $66,352 and for the month of October is $40,040.
(1) (A)

Prepare the equivalents units for production of direct materials and conversion cost of Company PA.
Explanation of Solution
Prepare the equivalent units for production of direct materials and conversion cost of Company PA as shown below:
Figure (1)
Working notes:
Calculate opening work in process inventory for conversion percentage to complete as shown below:
Calculate units started and completed in September as shown below:
Calculate ending work in process inventory units as shown below:
Total units to be assigned to costs is calculated by adding opening work in process inventory, units started and completed and ending work in process inventory.
Therefore, direct material equivalent units for production is 28,900 units and conversion cost equivalent units for production is 30,270 units.
(1)(B)

Prepare the cost per equivalent unit for direct material and conversion cost of Company PA.
Explanation of Solution
Calculate the cost per equivalent unit for direct material and conversion cost of Company PA as shown below:
Working note:
Calculate conversion cost for the month of September of Company PA as shown below:
Equivalent cost per unit for direct materials is calculated by dividing direct material cost by equivalent units for direct materials. Equivalent cost per unit for conversion cost is calculated by dividing conversion cost by equivalent units for conversion.
Therefore, equivalent cost per unit for direct material is $16.00 per unit and for conversion cost is $8.60 per unit.
(1) (C)

Prepare the cost of goods finished, between units stared in the prior period and units started and finished in September of Company PA.
Explanation of Solution
Prepare the cost of goods finished, between units stared in the prior period and units started and finished in September of Company PA as shown below:
Figure (2)
Costs transferred to finished goods is calculated by adding opening inventory in September balance, to complete opening work in process inventory in September, andcost of units started and completed in September.
Hence, cost of completed work in process inventory in September 1 is $62,595, cost for started and completed in September is $639,600, and transferred to finished goods is $702,195.
(1)(D)

Prepare the ending work in process inventory cost of the month September for the Company PA.
Explanation of Solution
Prepare the ending work in process inventory cost of the month September for the Company PA as shown below:
Figure (3)
Ending work in process inventory cost is calculated by adding ending direct material cost and ending conversion costs.
Hence, ending work in process inventory cost for the month of September is $66,352.

Prepare the production cost report of rolling department for the month of September of Company PA.
Explanation of Solution
Prepare the production cost report of rolling department for the month of September for Company PA as shown below:
Figure (4)
Therefore, cost of production report for rolling department during the month of September for Company PA is $768,547.
(2) (A)

Prepare the equivalents units for production of direct materials and conversion cost during the month of October for Company PA.
Explanation of Solution
Prepare the equivalents units for production of direct materials and conversion cost during the month of October for Company PA as shown below:
Figure (5)
Working notes:
Calculate opening work in process inventory for conversion percentage to complete as shown below:
Calculate units started and completed in October as shown below:
Calculate ending work in process inventory units as shown below:
Total units to be assigned to costs is calculated by adding opening work in process inventory, units started and completed and ending work in process inventory.
Therefore, direct material equivalent units for production is 31,000 units and conversion cost equivalent units for production is 30,380 units.
(2) (B)

Prepare the cost per equivalent unit for direct material and conversion cost during the month of Octoberfor Company PA.
Explanation of Solution
Calculate the cost per equivalent unit for direct material and conversion cost during the month of October for Company PA as shown below:
Working note:
Calculate conversion cost for the month of September of Company PA as shown below:
Equivalent cost per unit for direct materials is calculated by dividing direct material cost by equivalent units for direct materials. Equivalent cost per unit for conversion cost is calculated by dividing conversion cost by equivalent units for conversion.
Therefore, equivalent cost per unit for direct material is $16.50 per unit and for conversion cost is $8.80 per unit.
(2) (C)

Prepare the cost of goods finished, between units stared in the prior period and units started and finished in October of Company PA.
Explanation of Solution
Prepare the cost of goods finished, between units stared in the prior period and units started and finished in October of Company PA as shown below:
Figure (6)
Costs transferred to finished goods is calculated by adding opening inventory in September balance, to complete opening work in process inventory in September, and cost of units started and completed in September.
Hence, cost of completed work in process inventory in October 1 is $71,456, cost for started and completed in October is $733,700, and transferred to finished goods is $805,156.
(2) (D)

Prepare the ending work in process inventory cost of the month October for the Company PA.
Explanation of Solution
Prepare the ending work in process inventory cost of the month October for the Company PA as shown below:
Figure (7)
Ending work in process inventory cost is calculated by adding ending direct material cost and ending conversion costs.
Hence, ending work in process inventory cost for the month of October is $40,040.

Prepare the production cost report of rolling department for the month of October of Company PA.
Explanation of Solution
Prepare the production cost report of rolling department for the month of October of Company PA as shown below:
Figure (8)
Therefore, cost of production report for Rolling department during the month of October for Company PA is $845,196.
(3)

Mention the change in cost per equivalent unit for August through October for direct materials and conversion costs.
Explanation of Solution
The cost per equivalent unit for direct material in August is $15.50 per unit, in September is $16.00 per unit, and in October is $16.50 per unit. Constantly direct material cost per unit is increased from August to October. Likewise, the cost per equivalent unit for conversion cost in August is $8.50 per unit, in September is $8.60 per unit, and in October$8.80 per unit. Constantly conversion cost per unit is increased from August to October. The Company PA scrutinizes for their underlying reasons, and any required remedial actions would be taken.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Managerial Accounting
- need help this questionsarrow_forwardquestion 1. Toodles Inc. had sales of $1,840,000. Cost of goods sold, administrative and selling expenses, and depreciation expenses were $1,180,000, $185,000 and $365,000 respectively. In addition, the company had an interest expense of $280,000 and a tax rate of 35 percent. (Ignore any tax loss carry-back or carry-forward provisions.)Arrange the financial information for Toodles Inc. in an income statement and compute its OCF?Question 2 Anti-Pandemic Pharma Co. Ltd. reports the following information in its income statement: Sales = $5,250,000;Costs = $2, 173,000;Other expenses = $187,400; Depreciation expense = $79,000; Interest expense= $53,555; Taxes = $76,000; Dividends = $69,000. $136,700 worth of new shares were also issued during the year and long-term debt worth $65,300 was redeemed.a) Compute the cash flow from assetsb) Compute the net change in working capitalQuestion 3Footfall Manufacturing Ltd. reports the following financial information at the end of the current year:…arrow_forwardhi expert please help mearrow_forward
- compared to the individual risks of constituting assets. Question 5 (6 marks) The common shares of Almond Beach Inc, have a beta of 0.75, offer a return of 9%, and have an historical standard deviation of return of 17%. Alternatively, the common shares of Palm Beach Inc. have a beta of 1.25, offer a return of 10%, and have an historical standard deviation of return of 13%. Both firms have a marginal tax rate of 37%. The risk-free rate of return is 3% and the expected rate of return on the market portfolio is 9½%. 1. Which company would a well-diversified investor prefer to invest in? Explain why and show all calculations. 2. Which company Would an investor who can invest in the shares of only one firm prefer to invest in? Explain why. RELEASED BY THE CI, MGMT2023, MARCH 2, 2025 5 Use the following template to organize and present your results: Theoretical CAPM Actual offered prediction for expected return (%) return (%) Standard deviation of return (%) Beta Almond Beach Inc. Palm Beach…arrow_forwardprovide correct answerarrow_forwardPlease solve. The screen print is kind of split. Please look carefully.arrow_forward
- Coronado Fire, Inc. manufactures steel cylinders and nozzles for two models of fire extinguishers: (1) a home fire extinguisher and (2) a commercial fire extinguisher. The home model is a high-volume (54,000 units), half-gallon cylinder that holds 2 1/2 pounds of multi- purpose dry chemical at 480 PSI. The commercial model is a low-volume (10,200 units), two-gallon cylinder that holds 10 pounds of multi-purpose dry chemical at 390 PSI. Both products require 1.5 hours of direct labor for completion. Therefore, total annual direct labor hours are 96,300 or [1.5 hours x (54,000+10,200)]. Estimated annual manufacturing overhead is $1,566,090. Thus, the predetermined overhead rate is $16.26 or ($1,566,090 ÷ 96,300) per direct labor hour. The direct materials cost per unit is $18.50 for the home model and $26.50 for the commercial model. The direct labor cost is $19 per unit for both the home and the commercial models. The company's managers identified six activity cost pools and related…arrow_forwardCoronado Fire, Inc. manufactures steel cylinders and nozzles for two models of fire extinguishers: (1) a home fire extinguisher and (2) a commercial fire extinguisher. The home model is a high-volume (54,000 units), half-gallon cylinder that holds 2 1/2 pounds of multi- purpose dry chemical at 480 PSI. The commercial model is a low-volume (10,200 units), two-gallon cylinder that holds 10 pounds of multi-purpose dry chemical at 390 PSI. Both products require 1.5 hours of direct labor for completion. Therefore, total annual direct labor hours are 96,300 or [1.5 hours x (54,000+ 10,200)]. Estimated annual manufacturing overhead is $1,566,090. Thus, the predetermined overhead rate is $16.26 or ($1,566,090 ÷ 96,300) per direct labor hour. The direct materials cost per unit is $18.50 for the home model and $26.50 for the commercial model. The direct labor cost is $19 per unit for both the home and the commercial models. The company's managers identified six activity cost pools and related…arrow_forwardThe completed Payroll Register for the February and March biweekly pay periods is provided, assuming benefits went into effect as anticipated. Required: Using the payroll registers, complete the General Journal entries as follows: February 10 Journalize the employee pay. February 10 Journalize the employer payroll tax for the February 10 pay period. Use 5.4 percent SUTA and 0.6 percent FUTA. No employees will exceed the FUTA or SUTA wage base. February 14 Issue the employee pay. February 24 Journalize the employee pay. February 24 Journalize the employer payroll tax for the February 24 pay period. Use 5.4 percent SUTA and 0.6 percent FUTA. No employee will exceed the FUTA or SUTA wage base. February 28 Issue the employee pay. February 28 Issue payment for the payroll liabilities. March 10 Journalize the employee pay. March 10 Journalize the employer payroll tax for the March 10 pay period. Use 5.4 percent SUTA and 0.6 percent FUTA. No employees will exceed the FUTA or SUTA wage base.…arrow_forward
- Managerial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781337912020Author:Carl Warren, Ph.d. Cma William B. TaylerPublisher:South-Western College PubFinancial And Managerial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781337902663Author:WARREN, Carl S.Publisher:Cengage Learning,Principles of Cost AccountingAccountingISBN:9781305087408Author:Edward J. Vanderbeck, Maria R. MitchellPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Principles of Accounting Volume 2AccountingISBN:9781947172609Author:OpenStaxPublisher:OpenStax CollegeCornerstones of Cost Management (Cornerstones Ser...AccountingISBN:9781305970663Author:Don R. Hansen, Maryanne M. MowenPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Accounting: The Cornerstone of Busines...AccountingISBN:9781337115773Author:Maryanne M. Mowen, Don R. Hansen, Dan L. HeitgerPublisher:Cengage Learning




