Chapter 3, Problem 3.79QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure for the compound ${\text{NCl}}_{\text{3}}$ has to be given.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is ${\text{NCl}}_{\text{3}}$.

Step.1 Draw a skeletal structure of the molecule, arranging the atoms in their most probable order.

    

Step.2 Determine the number of valence electrons on each atom and add them to arrive at the total for the compound.

    $\begin{array}{l}\text{1N 1×5electrons=5}\\ \text{3Cl 3×7electrons=21}\\ \text{-------------------------}\\ \text{ =26 elecrons}\end{array}$

Step.3 Use the electron pairs to connect the central atom, nitrogen to each chlorine atom with a single bond.

    

Step.4. Distribute the electrons around the terminal atoms in pairs:

    

Step.5 Lewis structure of ${\text{NCl}}_{\text{3}}$:

    

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure for the compound ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{OH}$ has to be given.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{OH}$.

Step.1 Draw a skeletal structure of the molecule, arranging the atoms in their most probable order.

    

Step.2 Determine the number of valence electrons on each atom and add them to arrive at the total for the compound.

    $\begin{array}{l}\text{1C 1×4electrons=4}\\ \text{4Cl 4×1electrons=4}\\ \text{1O 1×6electrons = 6}\\ \text{-------------------------}\\ \text{ =14 elecrons}\end{array}$

Step.3 Use the electron pairs to connect the central atom, carbon to each hydrogen and oxygen atom with a single bond.

    

Step.4. Distribute the electrons around the terminal atoms in pairs:

    

Step.5 Lewis structure of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{OH}$:

    

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure for the compound ${\text{CS}}_2$ has to be given.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is ${\text{CS}}_2$.

Step.1 Draw a skeletal structure of the molecule, arranging the atoms in their most probable order.

    

Step.2 Determine the number of valence electrons on each atom and add them to arrive at the total for the compound.

    $\begin{array}{l}\text{1C 1×4electrons=4}\\ \text{1S 1×6electrons = 6}\\ \text{-------------------------}\\ \text{ =10 elecrons}\end{array}$

Step.3 Use the electron pairs to connect the central atom, carbon to each hydrogen and oxygen atom with a single bond.

    

Step.4. Distribute the electrons around the terminal atoms in pairs:

    

Step.5 Lewis structure of ${\text{CS}}_2$:

    

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure for the compound ${\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}$ has to be given.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is ${\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}$.

Step.1 Draw a skeletal structure of the molecule, arranging the atoms in their most probable order.

    

Step.2 Determine the number of valence electrons on each atom and add them to arrive at the total for the compound.

    $\begin{array}{l}\text{1C 1×4electrons=4}\\ \text{2Cl 2×7electrons=14}\\ \text{2H 2×1electron = 2}\\ \text{-------------------------}\\ \text{ =20 elecrons}\end{array}$

Step.3 Use the electron pairs to connect the central atom, carbon to each hydrogen and oxygen atom with a single bond.

    

Step.4. Distribute the electrons around the terminal atoms in pairs:

    

Step.5 Lewis structure of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cl}}_2$: