
Concept explainers
(1)
Adjusting entries indicates those entries, which are passed in the books of accounts at the end of one accounting period. These entries are passed in the books of accounts as per the revenue recognition principle and the expenses recognition principle to adjust the revenue, and the expenses of a business in the period of their occurrence.
Adjusted
Adjusted trial balance is a trial balance prepared at the end of a financial period, after all the adjusting entries are journalized and posted. It is prepared to prove the equality of the total debit and credit balances.
Rule of Debit and Credit:
Debit - Increase in all assets, expenses & dividends, and decrease in all liabilities and
Credit - Increase in all liabilities and stockholders’ equity, and decrease in all assets & expenses.
To record: The adjusting entries on July 31, 2016 of Company RFS.
(1)

Explanation of Solution
The adjusting entries of Company RFS are as follows:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
2016 | Depreciation expense | 6,400 | |
July, 31 | | 6,400 | |
(To record the depreciation on building for the current year.) |
Table (1)
The impact on the
- Depreciation expense is component of stockholders’ equity and decreased it, so debit depreciation expense by $6,400.
- Accumulated depreciation is a contra asset account, and it decreases the asset value by $6,400. So credit accumulated depreciation by $6,400.
Depreciation expense-Equipment
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
2016 | Depreciation expense | 2,800 | |
July, 31 | Accumulated Depreciation- equipment | 2,800 | |
(To record the depreciation on equipment for the current year.) |
Table (2)
The impact on the accounting equation for the above referred adjusting entry is as follows:
- Depreciation expense is component of stockholders’ equity and decreased it, so debit depreciation expense by $2,800.
- Accumulated depreciation is a contra asset account, and it decreases the asset value by $2,800. So credit accumulated depreciation by $2,800.
Salary and wages expense:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
2016 | Salary and wages expense | 900 | |
July, 31 | Wages Payable | 900 | |
(To record the salary and wages accrued but not paid at the end of the accounting period.) |
Table (3)
The impact on the accounting equation for the above referred adjusting entry is as follows:
- Salary and wages expense is a component of Stockholders ‘equity, and it decreased it by $900. So debit wage expense by $900.
- Salary and wages payable is a liability, and it is increased by $900. So credit Salary and wages payable by $900.
Unexpired insurance:
Date | Description | Post. Ref |
Debit ($) |
Credit ($) |
2016 | Insurance expense (1) | 4,500 | ||
July 31 | Prepaid insurance | 4,500 | ||
(To record the insurance expense incurred at the end of the year) |
Table (4)
The impact on the accounting equation for the above referred adjusting entry is as follows:
Working note:
Calculate the value of insurance expense at the end of the year
- Insurance expense is a component of owners’ equity, and decreased it by $4,500 hence debit the insurance expense for $4,500.
- Prepaid insurance is an asset, and it decreases the value of asset by $4,500, hence credit the prepaid insurance for $4,500.
Accrued fees unearned on July 31
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
2016 | 10,200 | ||
July 31 | Fees earned | 10,200 | |
(To record the accounts receivable at the end of the year.) |
Table (5)
The impact on the accounting equation for the above referred adjusting entry is as follows:
- Accounts Receivable is an asset, and it is increased by $10,200. So debit Accounts receivable by $10,200.
- Fees earned are component of stockholders’ equity, and it increased it by $10,200. So credit fees earned by $10,200.
Supplies expenses on July 31
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
2016 | Supplies Expense (2) | 1,110 | |
July 31 | Supplies | 1,110 | |
(To record the supplies expense at the end of the accounting period) |
Table (6)
The impact on the accounting equation for the above referred adjusting entry is as follows:
- Supplies expense is a component of stockholders’ equity, and it decreased the stockholders’ equity by $1,110. So debit supplies expense by $1,110.
- Supplies are an asset for the business, and it is decreased by $1,110. So credit supplies by $1,110.
Working Note:
Calculation of Supplies expense for the accounting period
Unearned Rent on July 31:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
2016 | Unearned Rent | 3,300 | |
July 31 | Rent revenue (3) | 3,300 | |
(To record the Rent revenue from services at the end of the accounting period.) |
Table (7)
The impact on the accounting equation for the above referred adjusting entry is as follows:
- Unearned Rent is a liability, and it is decreased by $3,300. So debit unearned rent by $3,300.
- Rent revenue is a component of Stockholders’ equity, and it is increased by $3,300. So credit rent revenue by $3,300.
Working Notes:
Calculation of Rent Revenue for the accounting period
Conclusion:
Thus, the adjusting entries of Company RFS are recorded.
(2)
To prepare: The adjusted trial balance of the Company RFS on July 31, 2016
(2)

Explanation of Solution
The adjusted trial balance of the Company RFS is as follows:
Company RFS | ||
Trial Balance after Adjustments | ||
July 31, 2016 | ||
Particulars | Debit $ | Credit $ |
Cash | 10,200 | |
Accounts Receivable(8) | 44,950 | |
Prepaid Insurance | 1,500 | |
Supplies | 615 | |
Land | 50,000 | |
Building | 155,750 | |
Accumulated Depreciation - Building(4) | 69,250 | |
Equipment | 45,000 | |
Accumulated Depreciation - Equipment(5) | 20,450 | |
Accounts Payable | 3,750 | |
Unearned Rent | 300 | |
Salaries and Wages Payable | 900 | |
Capital | 153,550 | |
Drawing | 8,000 | |
Fees earned | 168,800 | |
Rent Revenue (10) | 3,300 | |
Salaries and Wages Expense (6) | 57,750 | |
Utilities Expense | 14,100 | |
Advertising Expense | 7,500 | |
Repairs Expense | 6,100 | |
Depreciation Expense - building | 6,400 | |
Depreciation Expense - equipment | 2,800 | |
Insurance Expense (7) | 4,500 | |
Supplies Expense (9) | 1,110 | |
Miscellaneous Expense | 4,025 | |
420,300 | 420,300 |
Table (8)
Working Notes:
1. Calculation of accumulated depreciation- building
2. Calculation of accumulated depreciation- equipment
3. Calculation of Salaries and Wages expenses
4. Calculate the value of insurance expense at the end of the year
5. Calculation of accounts receivable
6. Calculation of Supplies expense for the accounting period
7. Calculation of rent revenue
Hence, the total of debit and credit column of the adjusted trial balance matches and they have a total balance of $420,300.
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