Chapter 3, Problem 3.29UKC

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The elements that form only one type of cation to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: The removal of electrons from the neutral atom leads to the formation of cation.

Anion: The neutral atom gains electrons leads to the formation of anion.

Answer to Problem 3.29UKC

The Group $\text{1A}$ and $\text{2A}$ elements tend to form only one type of cation.

Explanation of Solution

The Group $\text{1A}$ and $\text{2A}$ elements, on losing one and two electron, respectively attains noble gas configuration. So, further losing of electrons are not possible. Hence, the alkali metals form only one type of cation $\left({\text{M}}^{\text{+}}\right)\text{and}\left({\text{M}}^{\text{2+}}\right)$ ; also the elements like Aluminum, gallium, and indium too fall in the same category.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The elements that commonly form anion to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: The removal of electrons from the neutral atom leads to the formation of cation.

Anion: The neutral atom gains electrons leads to the formation of anion.

Answer to Problem 3.29UKC

The Group $\text{6Aand 7A}$ elements tend to form anion.

Explanation of Solution

The Group $\text{6Aand 7A}$ elements, on gaining two and one electron, respectively attains noble gas configuration. So, further gaining electrons are not possible. Hence, the oxygen group and halogen group elements form anions $\left({\text{Y}}^{\text{2-}}\right)\text{and}\left({\text{X}}^{\text{-}}\right)$.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The elements that form more than one type of cation to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: The removal of electrons from the neutral atom leads to the formation of cation.

Anion: The neutral atom gains electrons leads to the formation of anion.

Answer to Problem 3.29UKC

The transition group, f-block elements and Thallium, Nihonium, Tin, Lead, and Flerovium elements also tend to form more than one type of cation.

Explanation of Solution

The transition group, f-block elements and Thallium, Nihonium, Tin, Lead, and Flerovium elements also tend to form more than one type of cation.

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The elements that do not readily form either anions or cations to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Cation: The removal of electrons from the neutral atom leads to the formation of cation.

Anion: The neutral atom gains electrons leads to the formation of anion.

Answer to Problem 3.29UKC

Noble gas group, boron, carbon, silicon, germanium, and nitrogen group elements.

Explanation of Solution

The noble gas group, boron, carbon, silicon, germanium, and nitrogen group elements do not readily form either anions or cations.