(a) Interpretation: In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled. Concept introduction: Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

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Using a cell of known pathlength b = 1.25115 x 10-3 cm, a water absorption spectrum was measured. The band at 1645 cm-1, assigned to the O-H bending, showed an absorbance, A, of 1.40. a) Assuming that water density is 1.00 g/mL, calculate the water molar concentration c (hint: M= mole/L) b) Calculate the molar absorptivity, a, of the 1645 cm-1 band c) The transmitted light, I, can be written as I= Ioexp(-xb), where x is the absorption coefficient (sometimes designated as alpha), Io is the input light, and b is the cell pathlength. Prove that x= (ln10)*x*c d) Calculate x for the 1645 cm-1 band

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

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Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 3.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 3.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 3.21P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

In the given molecule, the atoms that are required to be in the same plane are to be circled.

Concept introduction:

Groups that are connected by a single bond have the ability to rotate freely relative to each other. But the groups which are connected by a double bond do not rotate freely. In the case of a double bond, the pi bond would be broken because during rotation, the overlap between the p orbitals would be destroyed. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those two atoms and all the atoms directly attached to them, prefer to lie in the same plane.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.1P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.2P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.3P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.4P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.5P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.6P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.7P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.8P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.9P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.10P

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Chapter 3 Solutions