EBK ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321888013
Author: Hoehn
Publisher: VST
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 31CYU
What is the role of DNA in transcription?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
There is currently a H5N1 cattle outbreak in North America.
According to the CDC on Feb 26*: "A multistate outbreak of HPAI A(H5N1) bird flu in dairy cows was first reported on March 25, 2024. This is the first time that these bird flu viruses had been found in cows. In the United States, since 2022, USDA has reported HPAI A(H5N1) virus detections in more than 200 mammals."
List and describe two mechanisms that could lead to this H5N1 influenza strain evolving to spread in human:
Mechanisms 1:
Mechanisms 2:
For the mutations to results in a human epidered they would need to change how the virus interacts with the human host. In the case of mutations that may promote an epidemic, provide an example for:
a protein that might incur a mutation:
how the mutation would change interactions with cells in the respiratory tract (name the receptor on human cells)
List two phenotypic consequence from this mutation that would increase human risk
You have a bacterial strain with the CMU operon:
a) As shown in the image below, the cmu operon encodes a peptide (Pep1), as well as a
kinase and regulator corresponding to a two-component system. The cmu operon is
activated when Pep 1 is added to the growth media.
Pep1 is a peptide that when added extracellularly leads to activation of the Cmu operon.
Pep1 cmu-kinase cmu-regulator
You also have these genetic components in other strains:
b) An alternative sigma factor, with a promoter activated by the cmu-regulator, that control a
series of multiple operons that together encode a transformasome (cellular machinery
for transformation).
c) the gene cl (a repressor).
d) the promoter X, which includes a cl binding site (and in the absence of cl is active).
e) the gene gp (encoding a green fluorescence protein).
Using the cmu operon as a starting point, and assuming you can perform cloning to rearrange
any of these genomic features, how would you use one or more of these to modify the…
Chapter 3 Solutions
EBK ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 3 - Summarize the four key points of the cell theory.Ch. 3 - How would you explain the meaning of a generalized...Ch. 3 - What basic structure do all cellular membranes...Ch. 3 - Why do phospholipids, which form the greater part...Ch. 3 - What is the importance of the glycocalyx in cell...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6CYUCh. 3 - What is the energy source for all types of...Ch. 3 - What determines the direction of any diffusion...Ch. 3 - What are the two types of facilitated diffusion...Ch. 3 - What happens when the Na+-K+ pump is...
Ch. 3 - As a cell grows, its plasma membrane expands. Does...Ch. 3 - Prob. 12CYUCh. 3 - Which vesicular transport process allows a cell to...Ch. 3 - What process establishes the resting membrane...Ch. 3 - Prob. 15CYUCh. 3 - What term is used to indicate signaling chemicals...Ch. 3 - Which organelle is the major site of ATP...Ch. 3 - What are three organelles involved in protein...Ch. 3 - Compare the functions of lysosomes and...Ch. 3 - How are microtubules and microfilaments related...Ch. 3 - Prob. 21CYUCh. 3 - Prob. 22CYUCh. 3 - If a cell ejects or loses its nucleus, what is its...Ch. 3 - What is the role of nucleoli?Ch. 3 - What is the role of nucleoli?Ch. 3 - If one of the DNA strands being replicated reads...Ch. 3 - During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA...Ch. 3 - What are three events occurring in prophase that...Ch. 3 - Codons and anticodons are both three-base...Ch. 3 - How do the A, P, and E ribosomal sites differ...Ch. 3 - What is the role of DNA in transcription?Ch. 3 - What is the importance of ubiquitin in the life of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 33CYUCh. 3 - The smallest unit capable of life by itself is (a)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2RQCh. 3 - Prob. 3RQCh. 3 - The term used to describe the type of solution in...Ch. 3 - Osmosis always involves (a) a selectively...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6RQCh. 3 - Prob. 7RQCh. 3 - The endocytotic process in which a sampling of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 9RQCh. 3 - The nuclear substance composed of histone proteins...Ch. 3 - The information sequence that determines the...Ch. 3 - Mutations may be caused by (a) X rays, (b) certain...Ch. 3 - The phase of mitosis during which centrioles each...Ch. 3 - Final preparations for cell division are made...Ch. 3 - The RNA synthesized on one of the DNA strands is...Ch. 3 - The RNA species that travels from the nucleus to...Ch. 3 - If DNA has a sequence of AAA, then a segment of...Ch. 3 - A nerve cell and a lymphocyte are presumed to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 19RQCh. 3 - Explain why mitosis can be thought of as cellular...Ch. 3 - Contrast the roles of ER-bound ribosomes with...Ch. 3 - Cells lining the trachea have whiplike motile...Ch. 3 - Name the three phases of interphase and describe...Ch. 3 - Comment on the role of the sodium-potassium pump...Ch. 3 - Differentiate between primary and secondary active...Ch. 3 - Cell division typically yields two daughter cells,...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- You have identified a new species of a Gram-positive bacteria. You would like to screen their genome for all proteins that are covalently linked to the cell wall. You have annotated the genome, so that you identified all the promoters, operons, and genes sequences within the operons. Using these features, what would you screen for to identify a set of candidates for proteins covalently linked to the bacterial cell wall.arrow_forwardBelow is a diagram from a genomic locus of a bacterial genome. Each arrow represents a coding region, and the arrowheads indicate its orientation in the genome. The numbers are randomly assigned. Draw the following features on the diagram, and explain your rationale for each feature: 10 12 合會會會會長 6 a) Expected transcriptions, based on known properties of bacterial genes and operons. How many proteins are encoded in each of the transcripts? b) Location of promoters (include rationale) c) Location of transcriptional terminators (include rationale) d) Locations of Shine-Dalgarno sequences (include rationale)arrow_forwardSample excuse letter in school class for the reasons of headaches and dysmenorrhea caused by menstrual cyclearrow_forward
- How do the muscles on the foot work to balance on an ice skate, specifically the triangle of balance and how does it change when balancing on an ice skate? (Refer to anatomy, be specific)arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT an example of passive immunization? A. Administration of tetanus toxoid B. Administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin C. Administration of rabies immunoglobulin D. Transfer of antibodies via plasma therapyarrow_forwardTranscription and Translation 1. What is the main function of transcription and translation? (2 marks) 2. How is transcription different in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? (2 marks) 3. Explain the difference between pre-mRNA and post-transcript mRNA. (2 marks) 4. What is the function of the following: (4 marks) i. the cap ii. spliceosome iii. Poly A tail iv. termination sequence 5. What are advantages to the wobble feature of the genetic code? (2 marks) 6. Explain the difference between the: (3 marks) i. A site & P site ii. codon & anticodon iii. gene expression and gene regulation 7. Explain how the stop codon allows for termination. (1 mark) 8. In your own words, summarize the process of translation. (2 marks)arrow_forward
- In this activity you will research performance enhancers that affect the endocrine system or nervous system. You will submit a 1 page paper on one performance enhancer of your choice. Be sure to include: the specific reason for use the alleged results on improving performance how it works how it affect homeostasis and improves performance any side-effects of this substancearrow_forwardNeurons and Reflexes 1. Describe the function of the: a) dendrite b) axon c) cell body d) myelin sheath e) nodes of Ranvier f) Schwann cells g) motor neuron, interneuron and sensory neuron 2. List some simple reflexes. Explain why babies are born with simple reflexes. What are they and why are they necessary. 3. Explain why you only feel pain after a few seconds when you touch something very hot but you have already pulled your hand away. 4. What part of the brain receives sensory information? What part of the brain directs you to move your hand away? 5. In your own words describe how the axon fires.arrow_forwardMutations Here is your template DNA strand: CTT TTA TAG TAG ATA CCA CAA AGG 1. Write out the complementary mRNA that matches the DNA above. 2. Write the anticodons and the amino acid sequence. 3. Change the nucleotide in position #15 to C. 4. What type of mutation is this? 5. Repeat steps 1 & 2. 6. How has this change affected the amino acid sequence? 7. Now remove nucleotides 13 through 15. 8. Repeat steps 1 & 2. 9. What type of mutation is this? 0. Do all mutations result in a change in the amino acid sequence? 1. Are all mutations considered bad? 2. The above sequence codes for a genetic disorder called cystic fibrosis (CF). 3. When A is changed to G in position #15, the person does not have CF. When T is changed to C in position #14, the person has the disorder. How could this have originated?arrow_forward
- hoose a scientist(s) and research their contribution to our derstanding of DNA structure or replication. Write a one page port and include: their research where they studied and the time period in which they worked their experiments and results the contribution to our understanding of DNA cientists Watson & Crickarrow_forwardhoose a scientist(s) and research their contribution to our derstanding of DNA structure or replication. Write a one page port and include: their research where they studied and the time period in which they worked their experiments and results the contribution to our understanding of DNA cientists Watson & Crickarrow_forward7. Aerobic respiration of a protein that breaks down into 12 molecules of malic acid. Assume there is no other carbon source and no acetyl-CoA. NADH FADH2 OP ATP SLP ATP Total ATP Show your work using dimensional analysis here: 3arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168130Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark WomblePublisher:OpenStax College
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168130
Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher:OpenStax College
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...
Biology
ISBN:9781305117396
Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
What is Genomics - Full Length; Author: Genome BC;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmgIClg0Y1k;License: Standard youtube license