DRAW IT Ø Label a hydrogen bond and a polar covalent bond in the diagram of live water molecules. Is a hydrogen bond a covalent bond? Explain.
To label: The hydrogen bond and covalent bonds in water molecules.
Introduction:
Water is a polar molecule consisting of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.
Explanation of Solution
Water (H2O) consists of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen and oxygen share their valence electrons to form a strong bond that known as a covalent bond (Fig.1). As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the shared electrons in the H-O bond tend to be pulled towards the oxygen atom. There are two regions of partial negative charge on oxygen and a partial positive charge on each hydrogen atom. Thus, the covalent bond between H-O in the water molecule is a polar bond.
Water is a polar molecule due to the difference in electronegativity between O and H atoms. The partial negatively charged oxygen atom of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positively charged hydrogen atom of an adjacent water molecule (Fig.1). This forms the hydrogen bond among different water molecules.
Pictorial representation:
Fig. 1 Interactions among water molecules
To explain: The hydrogen bonds are not covalent bonds.
Introduction: Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of valence electrons between two atoms. Hydrogen bonds are formed due to the attraction between two adjacent atoms due to partial charges.
Explanation of Solution
Covalent bonds are strong bonds, formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. Hydrogen bonds do not involve the sharing of valence electrons. They are formed on the basis of attraction due to partial charges on neighboring atoms, and are hence very weak bonds. Therefore, a hydrogen bond is not a covalent bond.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 3 Solutions
BIOL 1406 V.1 PKG >2014<
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Organic Chemistry
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
- How is a protein destined for the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), imported into the ER? Be concise.arrow_forwardFind out about the organisations and the movements aimed at the conservation of our natural resources. Eg Chipko movement and Greenpeace. Make a project report on such an organisation.arrow_forwardWhat are biofertilizers and mention the significancearrow_forward
- PCBs and River Otters: Otters in Washington State’s Green-Duwamish River have high levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in their livers. PCBs can bind to the estrogen receptors in animals and disrupt the endocrine system of these otters. The PCBs seem to increase the estrogen to androgen ratio, skewing the ratio toward too much estrogen. How would increased estrogen affect the river otter population? Based on your reading of the materials in this unit, what factors can affect fertility in humans? Explain how each of the factors affecting human fertility that you described can disrupt the human endocrine system to affect reproduction.arrow_forwardOther than oil and alcohol, are there other liquids you could compare to water (that are liquid at room temperature)? How is water unique compared to these other liquids? What follow-up experiment would you like to do, and how would you relate it to your life?arrow_forwardSelection of Traits What adaptations do scavengers have for locating and feeding on prey? What adaptations do predators have for capturing and consuming prey?arrow_forward
- Competition Between Species What natural processes limit populations from growing too large? What are some resources organisms can compete over in their natural habitat?arrow_forwardSpecies Interactions Explain how predators, prey and scavengers interact. Explain whether predators and scavengers are necessary or beneficial for an ecosystem.arrow_forwardmagine that you are conducting research on fruit type and seed dispersal. You submitted a paper to a peer-reviewed journal that addresses the factors that impact fruit type and seed dispersal mechanisms in plants of Central America. The editor of the journal communicates that your paper may be published if you make ‘minor revisions’ to the document. Describe two characteristics that you would expect in seeds that are dispersed by the wind. Contrast this with what you would expect for seeds that are gathered, buried or eaten by animals, and explain why they are different. (Editor’s note: Providing this information in your discussion will help readers to consider the significance of the research).arrow_forward
- Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxHuman Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168130Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark WomblePublisher:OpenStax CollegeBiology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781305073951Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning