Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780072848236
Author: Warren McCabe, Julian C. Smith, Peter Harriott
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies, The
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Question
Chapter 3, Problem 3.10P
(a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The apparent viscosity of
Concept Introduction :
The shear stress of Non-Newtonian fluids is calculated by the Ostwalt-de Waele equation.
The Ostwalt-de Waele equation is given as,
The apparent viscosity of non-newtonian liquid at a given shear rate is the value indicated by the viscometer operating on the liquid at that shear rate. It is the viscosity that would be indicated by the viscometer if the liquid were Newtonian.
For the Newtonian liquids, the apparent viscosity is calculated by the following formula:
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The apparent viscosity of 25 percent suspension of paper pulp in the water at the shear rate of
Concept Introduction :
The shear stress of Non-Newtonian fluids is calculated by the Ostwalt-de Waele equation.
The Ostwalt-de Waele equation is given as,
The apparent viscosity of non-newtonian liquid at a given shear rate is the value indicated by the viscometer operating on the liquid at that shear rate. It is the viscosity that would be indicated by the viscometer if the liquid were Newtonian.
For the Newtonian liquids, the apparent viscosity is calculated by the following formula:
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5. Look at Figure 7-14. Determine the voltage developed between the steel nozzle and the
grounded vessel, and how much energy is stored in the nozzle. Explain the potential
hazards for cases A and B from the following table:
Case A
Case B
Hose length (ft)
75
75
Hose diameter (in)
2.0
2.0
Flow rate (gpm)
30
30
Liquid conductivity (mho/cm)
2x10-8
1x10-14
Dielectric constant
2.3
25
Density (g/cm³)
0.8
0.9
6. In Problem 5, case B, what would be the most effective way to reduce the potential
hazards in this situation?
2. You have decided to use a vacuum purging technique to purge oxygen from a reactor
vessel to reduce the concentration to 2.0% (mol). The reactor is 18 ft diameter and 40 ft
tall. The temperature is 80°F. Assume that the vacuum purge goes from atmospheric
pressure to 10.0 psia. How many purge cycles are required and how many total moles of
nitrogen must be used? Assume the purge is done with pure nitrogen.
An 8-foot ion exchange bed needs to be backwashed with water to remove impurities. The particles have a density of 1.24 g/cm³ and an average size of 1.1 mm.
Calculate:
a. The minimum fluidization velocity using water at 30°C?
b. The velocity required to expand the bed by 30%?
Assumptions: The ion exchange bed particles are spherical (sphericity = 1.1), and the minimum fluidization porosity (ɛM) is 0.3.
Notes:
At 30°C, the viscosity (μ) of water is 0.797 cP, and the density (ρ) is 0.995 g/cm³.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering
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