Biology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780073383071
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 3, Problem 2U
Why are carbohydrates important molecules for energy storage?
a. The C—H bonds found in carbohydrates store energy.
b. The double bonds between carbon and oxygen are very strong.
c. The electronegativity of the oxygen atoms means that a carbohydrate is made up of many polar bonds.
d. They can form ring structures in the aqueous environment of a cell.
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Why are carbohydrates called "carbohydrates"?
a. Apparently, carbohydrates contain water molecules.
b. The composition (rather than the actual structure) of a carbohydrate seems to suggest that the molecule contains water molecules.
c. carbohydrates are made from C and water.
d. none of the above
Which category of macromolecule always contains lots of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, andsulfur, but does not contain any phosphorus (when first synthesized)?A. polynucleotides (like ribonucleic acid)B. carbohydrates (like glucose)C. proteins (like insulin)D. lipids (like triglycerides)E. polysaccharides (like glycogen)
Cells can store energy as starches (long polymer forms of carbohydrates, or sugars) and fats. If you isolate the starch stored by a cell, you would find that a lot of the mass of the isolated starch is actually water. However, if you isolate the fat stored by a cell you would find that very little of the mass of the fat is water. Explain this difference based on the structures or properties of the starch and fat molecules
Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1UCh. 3 - Why are carbohydrates important molecules for...Ch. 3 - Plant cells store energy in the form of ______,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4UCh. 3 - A molecule of DNA or RNA is a polymer of a....Ch. 3 - Prob. 6UCh. 3 - What monomers make up a protein? a....Ch. 3 - A triglyceride is a form of _______ composed of...Ch. 3 - You can use starch or glycogen as an energy...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is NOT a difference between...
Ch. 3 - Prob. 3ACh. 3 - A mutation that alters a single amino acid within...Ch. 3 - Two different proteins have the same domain in...Ch. 3 - What aspect of triglyceride structure accounts for...Ch. 3 - The spontaneous formation of a lipid bilayer in an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1SCh. 3 - Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3S
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- Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are all composed of long chains of glucose molecules. While starch and glycogen are often branched, cellulose is always straight due to hydrogen bonding between neighboring strands. How is this structural difference advantageous for the function of cellulose? * 1. Cellulose is used as long-term energy storage, held tightly together to take up minimal space. 2. The lack of branching allows cellulose to be easily hydrolyzed, enabling it to be used as quick energy. 3. Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide, used as support in exoskeletons. 4. Cellulose is held tightly together in order to offer support in cell walls.arrow_forwardWhy can a monosaccharide theoretically form diverse disaccharides? a. Because it is classified as an aldose or ketoseb. Because it is a right-handed moleculec. Because it has multiple hydroxyl groups that can form glycosidic bond.d. Because it has several carbonyl groups that can form glycosidic bond.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning fatty acids is correct? a. Used to make phospholipids b. They all contain one or more double bonds. c. They are a constituent of sterols. d. They are strongly hydrophilic.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is False?a. In starch breakdown, water is formed.b. In chitin, glucoses are linked as in cellulose.c. Peptide bonds determine primary peptide structure.d. Disulfide bridges are formed by covalent bonds.arrow_forwardWhat is the role of glycerol in lipids? (Select one or more) A. Platform for attachment of polar side chains to cholesterol B. platform for fatty acids in phospholipids C. platform for fatty acids in fat D. platform for isoprenoid sidechain in steroidsarrow_forwardout of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates present in a cell membrane, what is true? A. Lipids are maximum B. Carbohydrates are minimum C. Carbohydrates are maximum D. All three are in equal proportionarrow_forward
- Which of the following makes carbohydrates unique from the other biological macromolecules? Select one: a. Long-term energy storage is provided by carbohydrates. b. Carbohydrates contain a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen. c. Carbohydrates are polymers that always form a ring structure. d. The monomers in carbohydrates are held together by peptide bonds.arrow_forwardSugars are technically called carbohydrates, referring to the fact that their formulae are only multiple of C(H₂O). Pentoses therefore have five carbons, ten hydrogens and five oxygen atoms. Ribose is a pentose. Choose from among the following another pentose. A. Fructose B. Ribulose C. Galactose D. Erythrose Monomers are bonded together by which of the following processes? A. Hydrolysis B. Non-hydration lysis C. Ionic Bonding D. Dehydration Synthesisarrow_forwardWhat is the difference between cellobiose & cellulose? A. Cellulose is a starch molecule, cellobiose is a glycogen molecule B. Cellulose is a straight chain of β-glucose however cellobiose is two β-glucose C. Cellulose has α-glucose but cellobiose has β-glucose D. Cellobiose can be a straight chain or branched but cellulose is a ringarrow_forward
- Which of the following polysaccharides is the principal form of stored sugars in animals? A. Starch B. Glycogen C. Cellulose D. Chitinarrow_forwardWhich of the following describes a lipid? A. An organic molecule that consists of one or more chains of amino acids folded up in a specific shape B. A fatty, oily, or waxy organic compound often composed of fatty acids C. A molecule that consists primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1 D. A molecule that consists of one or more strands of nucleotidesarrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements about lipids is correct?a. Saturated fats contain many double bonds.b. Unsaturated fats do not have double bonds.c. Fatty acids contain 9 kilocalories per gram.d. Steroids consist of chain structure molecules.arrow_forward
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