Human Anatomy
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780135168059
Author: Marieb, Elaine Nicpon, Brady, Patricia, Mallatt, Jon
Publisher: Pearson Education, Inc.,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 2CRCAQ
Insufficient folic acid in the early weeks of pregnancy can result in neural tube deficits in the developing embryo. Why is it important that a woman take folic acid supplements prior to becoming pregnant?
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Anatomy
Ch. 3 - Dining which prenatal period is the basic body...Ch. 3 - Which abdominal structures form from the inner...Ch. 3 - Using directional terms (Table 1.1), describe the...Ch. 3 - Describe gastrulation. During which week of...Ch. 3 - What structure induces the formation of the neural...Ch. 3 - Which type or types of mesoderm Cluster into...Ch. 3 - After folding takes place, which embryonic germ...Ch. 3 - Does endoderm form the inner Iining of the inner...Ch. 3 - Which part of the somite forms the vertebrae and...Ch. 3 - What does the splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm...
Ch. 3 - A birth defect in the heart is caused by a...Ch. 3 - Why is respiratory distress common in babies born...Ch. 3 - 1ndicate whether each of the following relates to...Ch. 3 - The outer layer of the blastocyst, which attaches...Ch. 3 - Most birth defects can be traced to disruption of...Ch. 3 - The primary germ layer that forms the trunk...Ch. 3 - Each embryonic structure in column B with its...Ch. 3 - Match each date in column B [approximate time...Ch. 3 - It is currently possible to save some premature...Ch. 3 - Somites are evidence of (a) a structure from...Ch. 3 - Which of the following embryonic structures are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10RQCh. 3 - When it is 1.5 months old, an average embryo is...Ch. 3 - Gastrulation is the (a) formation of three germ...Ch. 3 - The epiblast forms (a) only the ectoderm, (b) the...Ch. 3 - The limbs develop during the (a) start of the...Ch. 3 - The notochord develops primarily from (a)...Ch. 3 - The fetal period is (a) the �rst 8 weeks of...Ch. 3 - What important event occurs at the primitive...Ch. 3 - What is the function of the amniotic sac and the...Ch. 3 - (a) What is mesenchyme? (b) How does it differ...Ch. 3 - Explain how the flat embryonic disc takes on the...Ch. 3 - In anatomy lab, Thaya pointed to the vertebrae of...Ch. 3 - Neural crest is the one embryonic tissue that is...Ch. 3 - Many embryonic events �rst occur cranially, then...Ch. 3 - Prob. 24RQCh. 3 - Differentiate the outer tube from the inner tube....Ch. 3 - Before Delta studied embryology in her anatomy...Ch. 3 - A friend in your dormitory, a freshman, tells you...Ch. 3 - Insufficient folic acid in the early weeks of...Ch. 3 - Your cat finds a large ball of string and starts...Ch. 3 - When is the earliest time the sex of a fetus can...
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- When the fetus is fully developed and takes up the maximum amount of space in the uterus, the pressure that it inflicts upon the cervix activates stretch receptors to send a signal to the hypothalamus (a structure within the brain). The brain responds by producing oxytocin, which is then released by the pituitary gland (an endocrine organ in the brain). Oxytocin travels through the bloodstream; when it reaches the uterus, it signals through myometrial (uterine smooth muscle) oxytocin receptors. Activation of the oxytocin receptors on myometrial tissue causes a signaling cascade that results in the cell producing prostaglandins that facilitate myometrial contraction (Figure 2).. Contraction of myometrial tissue then reduces the intrauterine space, causing the fully developed fetus to inflict more pressure on the cervix, thus repeating this process until the fetus is delivered. a) Fetal delivery is an example of which type of feedback loop? b) What type of sensory receptor is the…arrow_forwardDescribe the development of reproductive organs in a fetus of each gender. Which genes, gene products, and hormones are involved in the sex differences? Which sex- related hormones are circulating in high concentrations in a pregnant woman compared to a nonpregnant woman? Do these hormones cross the placenta (if you are uncertain, consider hormone chemical class relative to membrane permeability to make an educated guess)? Assuming these hormones do cross the placenta, how do they affect the hormonal environment inside the fetus, and how does this relate to fetal reproductive development?arrow_forwardWhat birth defect is usually seen if the mother will have a decreased level of folic acid on the course of her pregnancy? Neural Tube Defect Spina Ganglia defect Abortion Low birth weightarrow_forward
- Excessive blood loss during childbirth can result in an inadequate amount of blood volume in the mother's body. With decreased blood volume and pressure, the heart becomes incapable of pumping the necessary amount of blood to all the tissues, resulting in damage to the brain, specifically the pituitary gland. Sheehan's syndrome occurs in women when the pituitary gland reduces the amount of hormones it secretes after childbirth. Sheehan's syndrome is initially suspected when a mother is unable to produce milk after having undergone a difficult childbirth resulting in shock from blood loss. Since difficulty with lactation is not an uncommon occurrence, many individuals affected with Sheehan's syndrome are not diagnosed until other problems arise. Marina recently gave birth and is having difficulty with lactation. Furthermore, she is experiencing weight gain and hair loss. She is also complaining about constant fatigue and always needing to wear additional layers to keep warm. Many months…arrow_forwardA woman has discovered she is pregnant. What should she avoid to reduce the risk of injuring the fetus or having a miscarriage?arrow_forwardWhich of the following represents a common metabolic or physiological change that occurs in pregnancy? Question 21 options: a) An increase in urine production b) An increase in respiratory rate c) An increase in blood pressure d) A decrease in thyroid functionarrow_forward
- Why does testing for hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)work as a pregnancy test early in pregnancy but not late inpregnancy? What is the function of hCG in pregnancy?arrow_forwardSeeing that the placenta acts as a barrier protecting the baby from harmful substances the mother may consume, how come some babies develop ailments like Fetal Alcohol Syndrome? Are there some substances that render the protective function of the placenta less useful than required?arrow_forwardWhat is the role of the HCG hormone in pregnancy?arrow_forward
- A patient presents requesting hormonal contraception . She has been researching her options on the Web and has become confused by the large variety of OC pills available , including monophasic, multiphasic , and progesterone only . She asks how the pill prevents pregnancy and why the variety of preparations . Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which OCs prevent pregnancy ? Increasing cervical mucus viscosity Inhibiting serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels Inducing lymphocytic endometritis Inhibiting serum luteinizing hormone (LH ) levelsarrow_forwardA couple living in Florida is trying to have a baby, but they are having trouble getting pregnant. The male is very light skinned yet enjoys spending as much time as possible outdoors in the sun. From the male's perspective, why might he be contributing to the trouble with getting pregnant? Excessive ultraviolet light exposure can reduce folate levels, and folate is required for normal sperm development. Excessive heat from the sunlight inhibits normal sperm production; thus, he probably does not have enough sperm. The male does not have enough melanin production to support normal sperm development. Excessive sunlight exposure can rapidly increase folate levels, which then inhibits normal sperm development. Normal sperm development occurs best in colder temperatures; thus, living in Florida he has a reduced chance of getting his partner pregnant.arrow_forwardDescribe the role of progesterone in early pregnancy.arrow_forward
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