Chapter 3, Problem 29P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The charge on the ion when the atom loses two electrons should be determined.

Concept introduction:

• Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valence electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valence electrons of any elements.
• Octet rule: generally all atoms will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.
• There are two types of ions: positive and negative ions; which are formed when a neutral atom either loses or gains an electron.

Since a negative ion is formed by the addition of one or two electrons to a neutral atom, the resulting anion is larger than its parents.

Similarly, a positive ion is formed when an element, mostly a metal loses 1 or more electrons; the resulting cation is smaller than its parents.