9th Edition

ISBN: 9781305657960

Author: Joseph Gallian

Publisher: Cengage Learning

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Chapter 3, Problem 21E

Show that if a is an element of a group G, then | a | ≤ | G | .

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Chapter 3, Problem 20E

Chapter 3, Problem 22E

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1. vector projection. Assume, ER1001 and you know the following: ||||=4, 7=-0.5.7. For each of the following, explicitly compute the value. འབ (a) (b) (c) (d) answer. Explicitly compute ||y7||. Explain your answer. Explicitly compute the cosine similarity of and y. Explain your Explicitly compute (x, y). Explain your answer. Find the projection of onto y and the projection of onto .

2. Answer the following questions using vectors u and v. --0-0-0 = find the the cosine similarity and the angle between u and v. འརྒྱ (a) (b) find the scalar projection of u onto v. (c) find the projection of u onto v. (d) (e) (f) find the scalar projection of onto u. find the projection of u onto u. find the projection of u onto and the projection of onto . (Hint: find the inner product and verify the orthogonality)

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Chapter 3 Solutions

Contemporary Abstract Algebra

Ch. 3 - For each group in the following list, find the...Ch. 3 - Let Q be the group of rational numbers under...Ch. 3 - Let Q and Q* be as in Exercise 2. Find the order...Ch. 3 - Prove that in any group, an element and its...Ch. 3 - Without actually computing the orders, explain why...Ch. 3 - In the group Z12 , find a,b,anda+b for each case....Ch. 3 - If a, b, and c are group elements and a=6,b=7 ,...Ch. 3 - What can you say about a subgroup of D3 that...Ch. 3 - What can you say about a subgroup of D4 that...Ch. 3 - How many subgroups of order 4 does D4 have?

Ch. 3 - Determine all elements of finite order in R*, the...Ch. 3 - Complete the statement “A group element x is its...Ch. 3 - For any group elements a and x, prove that xax1=a...Ch. 3 - Prove that if a is the only element of order 2 in...Ch. 3 - (1969 Putnam Competition) Prove that no group is...Ch. 3 - Let G be the group of symmetries of a circle and R...Ch. 3 - For each divisor k1 of n, let Uk(n)=xU(n)xmodk=1...Ch. 3 - Suppose that a is a group element and a6=e . What...Ch. 3 - If a is a group element and a has infinite order,...Ch. 3 - For any group elements a and b, prove that ab=ba .Ch. 3 - Show that if a is an element of a group G, then...Ch. 3 - Show that U(14)=3=5 . [Hence, U(14) is cyclic.] Is...Ch. 3 - Show that U(20)k for any k in U(20). [Hence, U(20)...Ch. 3 - Suppose n is an even positive integer and H is a...Ch. 3 - Let n be a positive even integer and let H be a...Ch. 3 - Prove that for every subgroup of Dn , either every...Ch. 3 - Let H be a subgroup of Dn of odd order. Prove that...Ch. 3 - Prove that a group with two elements of order 2...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29E Ch. 3 - Prob. 30E Ch. 3 - Prob. 31E Ch. 3 - Suppose that H is a subgroup of Z under addition...Ch. 3 - Prove that the dihedral group of order 6 does not...Ch. 3 - If H and K are subgroups of G, show that HK is a...Ch. 3 - Let G be a group. Show that Z(G)=aGC(a) . [This...Ch. 3 - Let G be a group, and let aG . Prove that...Ch. 3 - For any group element a and any integer k, show...Ch. 3 - Let G be an Abelian group and H=xG||x is odd}....Ch. 3 - Prob. 39E Ch. 3 - Prob. 40E Ch. 3 - Let Sbe a subset of a group and let H be the...Ch. 3 - In the group Z, find a. 8,14 ; b. 8,13 ; c. 6,15 ;...Ch. 3 - Prove Theorem 3.6. Theorem 3.6 C(a) Is a Subgroup...Ch. 3 - If H is a subgroup of G, then by the centralizer...Ch. 3 - Must the centralizer of an element of a group be...Ch. 3 - Suppose a belongs to a group and a=5 . Prove that...Ch. 3 - Prob. 47E Ch. 3 - In each case, find elements a and b from a group...Ch. 3 - Prove that a group of even order must have an odd...Ch. 3 - Consider the elements A=[0110]andB=[0111] from...Ch. 3 - Prob. 51E Ch. 3 - Give an example of elements a and b from a group...Ch. 3 - Consider the element A=[1101] in SL(2,R) . What is...Ch. 3 - For any positive integer n and any angle , show...Ch. 3 - Prob. 55E Ch. 3 - In the group R* find elements a and b such that...Ch. 3 - Prob. 57E Ch. 3 - Prob. 58E Ch. 3 - Prob. 59E Ch. 3 - Compute the orders of the following groups. a....Ch. 3 - Let R* be the group of nonzero real numbers under...Ch. 3 - Compute U(4),U(10),andU(40) . Do these groups...Ch. 3 - Find a noncyclic subgroup of order 4 in U(40).Ch. 3 - Prove that a group of even order must have an...Ch. 3 - Let G={[abcd]|a,b,c,dZ} under addition. Let...Ch. 3 - Let H=AGL(2,R)detA is an integer power of 2}. Show...Ch. 3 - Let H be a subgroup of R under addition. Let...Ch. 3 - Let G be a group of functions from R to R*, where...Ch. 3 - Let G=GL(2,R) and...Ch. 3 - Let H=a+bia,bR,ab0 . Prove or disprove that H is...Ch. 3 - Let H=a+bia,bR,a2+b2=1 . Prove or disprove that H...Ch. 3 - Let G be a finite Abelian group and let a and b...Ch. 3 - Prob. 73E Ch. 3 - If H and K are nontrivial subgroups of the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 75E Ch. 3 - Prove that a group of order n greater than 2...Ch. 3 - Let a belong to a group and a=m. If n is...Ch. 3 - Let G be a finite group with more than one...

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Show that if a is an element of a group G , then | a | ≤ | G | .

Solution Summary: The author explains that if a is an element of the group G, the objective is to prove that it is the same as the identity element.

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Chapter 3 Solutions