Chapter 3, Problem 1LTB

Summary Introduction

To review:

The two major functions of nutrients.

Introduction:

Nutrients can be defined as a substance which gives nourishment that is important for the maintenance of life and for growth and development. There are two major types of nutrients: micronutrients and macronutrients. The three chief classes of macronutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Explanation of Solution

Basic functions of nutrients are to help in the proper functioning of the body and keeping the body healthy.

The two major functions of nutrients are:

1. Energy store:

Nutrients acts as fuel for the metabolic processes in the body. The primary fuel for energy is carbohydrates. In the absence of carbohydrates, the fats are consumed through the metabolic pathways to provide energy. When there is an absence of both carbohydrates and fats, proteins act as fuel by the body. So, all three types of macronutrients provide ATP. ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell. It stores energy in the form of phosphate ester bonds. When these bonds are broken, there is a release of energy for the proper functioning of biological activities.

2. Building blocks:

The structural components which form a human body are composed of the nutrients. Protein is the major component of the body which makes up the internal organs, muscles, skin, and blood. Proteins help in the formation of muscles and provide strength to them. Carbohydrates and lipids are in-between the complexity between nucleic acids and proteins. Fat forms an adipose tissue that acts as a cushion and insulates the body.

In this way, nutrients are helpful in storing energy and building blocks of the body.

Conclusion

Hence, the two major functions of nutrients are storing energy store and building blocks of the body.