FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 2818440046582
Author: Martini
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Chapter 3, Problem 17CP
Define diffusion.
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3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species
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Species A
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AIL
Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO₂ level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO₂ triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
• How might the location and slope of the O2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
How much ATP will be produced during the following metabolic scenario:
Aerobic respiration of a 5mM lipid solution that is made up of one glycerol and an 8-carbon fatty acid and 12-carbon fatty acid. Recall that when glycerol breaks down to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate it costs one ATP but your get an extra FADH2. Every two carbons of a fatty acid break down to one acetyl-CoA.
Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.
Chapter 3 Solutions
FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 3 - List the general functions of the plasma membrane.Ch. 3 - Identify the components of the plasma membrane...Ch. 3 - Which component of the plasma membrane is...Ch. 3 - Which type of integral protein allows water, ions,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 5CPCh. 3 - What are the major differences between cytosol and...Ch. 3 - Prob. 7CPCh. 3 - Prob. 8CPCh. 3 - Explain why certain cells in the ovaries and...Ch. 3 - What does the presence of many mitochondria imply...
Ch. 3 - Describe the contents and structure of the...Ch. 3 - What is a gene?Ch. 3 - Define gene activation.Ch. 3 - Describe transcription and translation.Ch. 3 - What process would be affected by the lack of the...Ch. 3 - What is meant by the term selectively permeable...Ch. 3 - Define diffusion.Ch. 3 - List five factors that influence the diffusion of...Ch. 3 - How would a decrease in the concentration of...Ch. 3 - Define osmosis.Ch. 3 - Some pediatricians recommend using a 10 percent...Ch. 3 - Describe the process of carrier-mediated...Ch. 3 - The concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the...Ch. 3 - Describe endocytosis.Ch. 3 - Describe exocytosis.Ch. 3 - What is the process called whereby certain types...Ch. 3 - What is the membrane potential of a cell, and in...Ch. 3 - If the plasma membrane of a cell were freely...Ch. 3 - Give the biological terms for (a) cellular...Ch. 3 - What enzymes must be present for DNA replication...Ch. 3 - Describe interphase, and identify its stages.Ch. 3 - A cell is actively manufacturing enough organelles...Ch. 3 - Define mitosis, and list its four stages.Ch. 3 - What would happen if spindle fibers failed to form...Ch. 3 - Define growth factor, and identify several growth...Ch. 3 - An illness characterized by mutations that disrupt...Ch. 3 - Define metastasis.Ch. 3 - Define cellular differentiation.Ch. 3 - Prob. 1RQCh. 3 - The process that transports solid objects such as...Ch. 3 - Plasma membranes are said to be (a) impermeable,...Ch. 3 - _____ ion concentration is high in extracellular...Ch. 3 - At resting membrane potential, the cytoplasmic...Ch. 3 - The organelle responsible for a variety of...Ch. 3 - The synthesis of a functional polypeptide using...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8RQCh. 3 - The movement of water across a membrane from an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10RQCh. 3 - List the four basic concepts that make up the cell...Ch. 3 - What are four general functions of the plasma...Ch. 3 - What are the primary functions of membrane...Ch. 3 - By what three major transport mechanisms do...Ch. 3 - List five important factors that influence...Ch. 3 - What are the four major functions of the...Ch. 3 - Diffusion is important in body fluids, because it...Ch. 3 - Microvilli are found (a) mostly in muscle cells,...Ch. 3 - When a cell is placed in a(n) _____ solution, the...Ch. 3 - Suppose that a DNA segment has the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 21RQCh. 3 - The sodium-potassium exchange pump (a) is an...Ch. 3 - If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able...Ch. 3 - List, in sequence, the phases of the interphase...Ch. 3 - List the stages of mitosis, and briefly describe...Ch. 3 - (a) What is cytokinesis? (b) What is the role of...Ch. 3 - The transport of a certain molecule exhibits the...Ch. 3 - Solutions A and B are separated by a selectively...Ch. 3 - A molecule that blocks the ion channels lining...Ch. 3 - What is the benefit of having some of the cellular...Ch. 3 - List the general functions of the plasma membrane.Ch. 3 - Identify the components of the plasma membrane...
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- If a bacterium using aerobic respiration was to degrade one small protein molecule into 8 molecules of pyruvic acid, how many ATP would that cell make? Assume there is no other carbon source. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in molecules of ATP.arrow_forwardIf a bacterium using aerobic respiration was to degrade a 30 mM solution of citric acid, how many ATP would that cell make? Assume no other carbon source is available. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.arrow_forwardHow much ATP will be produced during the following metabolic scenario: Aerobic respiration of a 5mM lipid solution that is made up of one glycerol and an 8-carbon fatty acid and 12-carbon fatty acid. Recall that when glycerol breaks down to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate it costs one ATP but your get an extra FADH2. Every two carbons of a fatty acid break down to one acetyl-CoA. (pathways will be provided on the exam) Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.arrow_forward
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