
Interpretation:
The empirical formula of the compound is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
The number of moles is defined as the ratio of mass to the molar mass:
Here,
Molar mass is calculated by adding the masses of each element multiplied by their number of atoms present (given in subscript). Its S.I. unit is
The mass of compound can be calculated as
Here,
the Mass of carbon can be calculated as
The mass of hydrogen can be calculated as

Answer to Problem 154AP
Solution: The empirical formula of the first compound is
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
For gasoline
For methyl tert-butyl ether
The molar mass of
Calculate the number of moles of water as
Substitute
The molar mass of
Calculate the number of moles of carbon dioxide as
Substitute
The molar mass of
For carbon in
Calculate the mass of carbon as
Substitute
The molar mass of
For hydrogen in
Calculate the mass of hydrogen as
Substitute
The mass of the given sample is
Calculate the mass of lead as
Substitute
Rearrange the above equation for
Now, the number of moles of each element is to be calculated as
The molar mass of
Calculate the number of moles of carbon as
Substitute
The molar mass of hydrogen is
Calculate the mass of hydrogen as
Substitute
The molar mass of lead is
Calculate the mass of lead as
Substitute
So, the molecular formula of the compound can be written as
As the empirical formula are always has whole number multiples, on simplifying the number of moles of each element, it is calculated as
For H
For C
For Pb
So, the empirical formula of the compound is
Now, for tert-butyl ether:
The molar mass of
Calculate the number of moles of water as
Substitute
The molar mass of
Calculate the number of moles of carbon dioxide as
Substitute
The molar mass of
For carbon in
Calculate the mass of carbon as
Substitute
The molar mass of
For hydrogen in
Calculate the mass of hydrogen as
Substitute
The mass of the given sample is
Calculate the mass of oxygen as
Substitute
Rearrange the above equation for
Now, the number of moles of each element is to be calculated as
The molar mass of carbon is
Calculate the mass of carbon as
Substitute
The molar mass of hydrogen is
Calculate the mass of hydrogen as
Substitute
The molar mass of oxygen is
Calculate the mass of oxygen as
Substitute
So, the molecular formula of the compound is
As the empirical formula are always whole number multiples, on simplifying the number of moles of each element, it is calculated as
For H
For C
For O
So, the empirical formula of the compound is
The empirical formula of the first compound is
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 3 Solutions
CHEMISTRY >CUSTOM<
- Firefly luciferin exhibits three rings. Identify which of the rings are aromatic. Identify which lone pairs are involved in establishing aromaticity. The lone pairs are labeled A-D below.arrow_forwardWhat is the [OH⁻] of a 1.80 M solution of pyridine (C₅H₅N, Kb = 1.70 × 10⁻⁹)?arrow_forwardWhat is the percent ionization in a 0.260 M solution of formic acid (HCOOH) (Ka = 1.78 × 10⁻⁴)?arrow_forward
- Determine the pH of solution of HC3H5O2 By constructing an ICE table writing the equilibrium constant expression, and using this information to determine the pH. The Ka of HC3H5O2 is 1.3 x 10-5arrow_forwardDetermine if the following salt is neutral, acidic or basic. If acidic or basic, write the appropriate equilibrium equation for the acid or base that exists when the salt is dissolved in aqueous solution. If neutral, simply write only NR. Be sure to include the proper phases for all species within the reaction LiNO3arrow_forwardAn unknown weak acid with a concentration of 0.410 M has a pH of 5.600. What is the Ka of the weak acid?arrow_forward
- (racemic) 19.84 Using your reaction roadmaps as a guide, show how to convert 2-oxepanone and ethanol into 1-cyclopentenecarbaldehyde. You must use 2-oxepanone as the source of all carbon atoms in the target molecule. Show all reagents and all molecules synthesized along the way. & + EtOH H 2-Oxepanone 1-Cyclopentenecarbaldehydearrow_forwardR₂ R₁ R₁ a R Rg Nu R₂ Rg R₁ R R₁₂ R3 R R Nu enolate forming R₁ R B-Alkylated carbonyl species or amines Cyclic B-Ketoester R₁₁ HOB R R₁B R R₁₂ B-Hydroxy carbonyl R diester R2 R3 R₁ RB OR R₂ 0 aB-Unsaturated carbonyl NaOR Aldol HOR reaction 1) LDA 2) R-X 3) H₂O/H₂O ketone, aldehyde 1) 2°-amine 2) acid chloride 3) H₂O'/H₂O 0 O R₁ R₁ R R₁ R₁₂ Alkylated a-carbon R₁ H.C R₁ H.C Alkylated methyl ketone acetoacetic ester B-Ketoester ester R₁ HO R₂ R B-Dicarbonyl HO Alkylated carboxylic acid malonic ester Write the reagents required to bring about each reaction next to the arrows shown. Next, record any regiochemistry or stereochemistry considerations relevant to the reaction. You should also record any key aspects of the mechanism, such as forma- tion of an important intermediate, as a helpful reminder. You may want to keep track of all reactions that make carbon-carbon bonds, because these help you build large molecules from smaller fragments. This especially applies to the reactions in…arrow_forwardProvide the reasonable steps to achieve the following synthesis.arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning





