Explanation Given imfo: The vector A → has components in x and y direction. Formula to calculate the possible directions of vector A → is, θ = tan − 1 ( A y A x ) (1) Here, θ is the direction of vector A → . A x is the component of vector A → in x direction. A y is the component of vector A → in y direction. Consider the vector diagram for the given vector components in first quadrant. Figure (1) The value of component of vector A → in x direction for the above vector diagram is, A x = a The value of component of vector A → in y direction for the above vector diagram is, A y = a Substitute a for A x and a for A y in equation (1). θ = tan − 1 ( ( + a ) ( + a ) ) = tan − 1 ( 1 ) = 45 ° Thus, the possible direction of vector A → for the above vector diagram is 45 ° counterclockwise from the x-axis. Consider the vector diagram for the given vector components in second quadrant. Figure (2) The value of component of vector A → in x direction for the above vector diagram is, A x = − a The value of component of vector A → in y direction for the above vector diagram is, A y = a Substitute ( − a ) for A x and a for A y in equation (1). θ = tan − 1 ( ( + a ) ( − a ) ) = − 45 ° = 180 ° + ( − 45 ° ) = 135 ° Thus, the possible direction of vector A → for the above vector diagram is 135 ° counterclockwise from the x-axis

5th Edition

ISBN: 9780321976444

Author: James S. Walker

Publisher: PEARSON

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Helmholtz Free Energy

The Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential used to calculate the measure of useful work from a closed system. This system is kept at constant temperature and volume. German physicist Hermann Helmholtz introduced this concept in 1882.

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Chapter 3 Solutions

Physics (5th Edition)

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