
Concept explainers
(a)
To analyse:
Whether butter is an example of saturated or an unsaturated fat.
Introduction:
Fats or lipids are biological macromolecules that are insoluble in water and other polar solvents. The basic structure of all lipids comprises of a glycerol molecule to which one or more fatty acids are linked by ester bonds. If the fatty acids contain single bonds between carbon and hydrogen, they are saturated and if they contain double or triple bonds between carbon and hydrogen, they are called unsaturated.
(b)
To analyse:
Whether olive oil is an example of saturated or an unsaturated fat.
Introduction:
Fats or lipids are biological macromolecules that are insoluble in water and other polar solvents. The basic structure of all lipids comprises of a glycerol molecule to which one or more fatty acids are linked by ester bonds. If the fatty acids contain single bonds between carbon and hydrogen, they are saturated and if they contain double or triple bonds between carbon and hydrogen, they are called unsaturated.
(c)
To analyse:
The reason why membrane containing cholesterol are stiff.
Introduction:
Cell membranes are primarily composed of phospholipids that have a charged phosphate head and an uncharged fatty acid tail. Phospholipids form bilayers in solution and retain a fluid structure. Cholesterol is a special type of lipid and belongs to the class of lipids called steroids. It is also a component of cell membranes and stabilizes the membranes.

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Chapter 2 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
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