NESTER'S MICROBIOLOGY: A HUMAN PERSPECT
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260161373
Author: Anderson, SALM
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 29, Problem 8MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Landfills are a way to dispose-off waste on the land by dumping the waste under multiple layers of soil, alternating with layers of waste. This method is used to dispose-off nonhazardous waste only. Unlike the open dumping grounds and/or incineration to get rid of waste, this method offers human as well as environmental safety.
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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine:
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
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SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.
2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0
Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…
The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?
Chapter 29 Solutions
NESTER'S MICROBIOLOGY: A HUMAN PERSPECT
Ch. 29 - Describe how the BOD of a water sample is...Ch. 29 - Which step of wastewater treatment removes most of...Ch. 29 - Compare and contrast the activated sludge process...Ch. 29 -
4. What is effluent?
Ch. 29 -
5. How does a septic system work?
Ch. 29 - Prob. 6SACh. 29 - Why do water-testing procedures look for coliforms...Ch. 29 - How does the ONPG/MUG test allow a sample to be...Ch. 29 -
9. Describe two advantages of composting.
Ch. 29 - Describe the use of bioremediation in the cleanup...
Ch. 29 - Prob. 1MCCh. 29 -
2. Advanced treatment is often designed to...Ch. 29 - Which of the following is not a matching pair? a)...Ch. 29 - Prob. 4MCCh. 29 -
5. Which of the following is not a matching...Ch. 29 - Prob. 6MCCh. 29 - Prob. 7MCCh. 29 - Prob. 8MCCh. 29 - Prob. 9MCCh. 29 -
10. Synthetic compounds are most likely to be...Ch. 29 -
1. A developer is interested in building vacation...Ch. 29 -
2. A public health official is investigating...Ch. 29 -
1. Why is oil not degraded when in a natural...Ch. 29 - The accompanying figure shows the effects of...
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