Biological Science, Loose-leaf Edition (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780135272800
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 28, Problem 9TYPSS
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Imagine that you are a member of a research group conducting research on fruit type and seed dispersal. Your group has submitted a paper to a peer-reviewed journal that addresses the factors that impact fruit type and seed dispersal mechanisms in plants of Central America. The editor of the journal communicates that your paper may be published if you make ‘minor revisions’ to the document.
Why is seed dispersal important in the life of plants? What would be the consequences of having seeds that simply fell to the ground underneath the parent tree?
Please be detailed as possible
Doug Schemske is a biologist who studies plants from around the world. Doug and his research team carry out experiments with the plant species Mouse-ear Cress, or Arabidopsis thaliana. They like this species because it is easy to grow in both the lab and field. Arabidopsis is very small and lives for just one year. It grows across most of the globe and in a wide range of latitudes and climates. Arabidopsis is also able to pollinate itself and produce many seeds, making it possible for researchers to grow many individuals to use in their experiments.
Doug chose Arabidopsis populations in Scandinavia and the Mediterranean for his research on local adaptation because those two locations have very different climates. The populations may have adapted to have the highest survival and reproduction based on the climate of their home location.
To deal with sudden freezes and cold winters in Scandinavia, plants may have evolved freeze tolerance traits, which produces chemicals that act like…
Many plants mimic other plants or other animals in order to attract pollinators.
a) Describe one example of plants mimicking either other plants or other animals in order to attract pollinators.
b) Why might these “cheating” strategies have evolved rather than developing “truthful” signals to attract a pollinator?
Chapter 28 Solutions
Biological Science, Loose-leaf Edition (7th Edition)
Ch. 28 - What important role does lignin play in vascular...Ch. 28 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 28 - What is a pollen grain? a. male gametophyte b....Ch. 28 - 5. What does it mean to say that a life cycle is...Ch. 28 - 6. SOCIETY Soils, water, and the atmosphere are...Ch. 28 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 28 - Explain the difference between homosporous and...Ch. 28 - Angiosperms such as grasses, oaks, and maples are...Ch. 28 - PROCESS OF SCIENCE You have been hired as a field...Ch. 28 - Is long-distance sex possible in mosses?
Moss...
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- If there is a steep decline in the population of the major pollinators in an area, which of the following angiosperms would be most directly affected: aspen trees, pear trees, or dandelion plants? Why?arrow_forwardSome aggressive understory ant species patrol the foliage of the tropical forest shrub Psychotria limonensis, wild coffee (Fig.1). The ants chase insects and other animals away from the plant's flowers and fruits. Explain why this behavior may enhance the plant's reproductive success during some periods, but decrease the plant's reproductive success at other times. Figure 1. P. limonensis Varrow_forwardA slight change in a plant species’ flower structure might favor a different pollinator. How might such a change in flower structure lead to a new plant species? How does coevolution between flowering plants and animal pollinators help explain the huge diversity of angiosperms?arrow_forward
- One of the most striking examples of coevolution is between insects and flowers. The earliest angiosperms produced large amounts of pollen on flowers that were wind-pollinated. The ovules were partially exposed and exuded tiny droplets of sugary sap to catch passing pollen. Outline a course of events that could have resulted in the coevolution we observe today between a flower and its pollinator.arrow_forwardWhat are the advantages and disadvantages of wind pollination? What are the advantages and disadvantages of pollination by animals? Why do both types of pollination persist among the angiosperms?arrow_forwardIn wild columbine, flower morphology encourages crosspollination. However, during the middle of the receptive period of the stigma, self-pollination can occur if the flower was not previously pollinated. If cross-pollination occurs after selfpollination, then that pollen reaches the base of the style before the self-pollen. Discuss the adaptive significance of this reproduction strategy.arrow_forward
- Ferns are a type of terrestrial plant that does not produce seeds, unlike gymnosperms and flowering plants. This significant evolutionary divergence contributed to the dominance of gymnosperms and flowering plants. How might the ability to produce seeds have advantaged these groups? It allowed these plants to photosynthesize more efficiently. It allowed these plants to attract more pollinators. It allowed these plants to better disperse, colonize new habitats, and survive drier conditions. It allowed these plants to grow taller and compete for sunlight.arrow_forwardZambezi fig trees produce several fruits every year over a long lifespan. In contrast, a certain type of bamboo flowers once after many years, produces seeds, and then dies. The Zambezi fig tree is considered: iteoparous or semelparous?, annual or perennial? The bamboo is considered: iteoparous or semelparous?, annual or perennial?arrow_forwardPollen grains of water pollinated species have a special characteristics for protection from water. What is that?arrow_forward
- For a plant colonixing a remote island, describe one advantage and one disadvantage of: a.) cross-pollination b.) self-pollinationarrow_forwardHow does pollination by insects solve many of the problems associated with wind pollination?arrow_forwardWhat preliminary conclusions can you draw from the results of the experiment and what is the independent and dependent variable ?arrow_forward
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