The effect of increasing the distance between the leader peptide gene and sequence 2 on transcription of the E.coli trp operon. Introduction: Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression.

Question

Discuss the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells with regards to their genetic materials. Including in your discussion the structure and organisation of genetic material, as well as any implications these differences may have on cellular functions and evolution. Rubric Understanding of genetic material differences (provides a comprehensive and accurate explanation of the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in terms of their genetic material, including the structure, organisation and function of genetic material in each cell type. Demonstrates a thorough understanding of the topic) Analysis of implications (analyze the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in terms of their genetic material with depth and insight, discussing the implications of these differences on cellular functions and evolution. Provides specific examples and explanations.)

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 7P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of increasing the distance between the leader peptide gene and sequence 2 on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of increasing the distance between sequence 2 and sequence3 on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

In the presence of tryptophan, occurrence of translation of leader sequences result in blocking the sequence 2. Blocking of sequence 2 followed by transcription of sequence 3 and sequence 4, and formation of attenuator structure.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The affect of removing sequence 4 on transcription of the E.colitrp operon.

Introduction:

In the presence of tryptophan, occurrence of translation of leader sequences result in blocking the sequence 2. Blocking of sequence 2 followed by transcription of sequence 3 and sequence 4, and formation of attenuator structure.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of changing the two tryptophan (Trp) codons in the leader peptide gene to histidine (His) codons, on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Repressible operon represses the expression of structural gene. For example trp-operon have structural gene E, D, C, B and A that are repressed or inactive in the present of tryptophan. As the trp codon forms attenuation structure and make the operon sensitive against the tryptophan.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of eliminating the ribosome-binding site for the gene that encodes the leader peptide on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression

(f)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of changing several nucleotides in sequence 3 so that it can base pair with sequence 4 but not with sequence 2, on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression and sequence 3 and sequence 4 is responsible for the formation of attenuation structure.

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Discuss the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells with regards to their genetic materials. Including in your discussion the structure and organisation of genetic material, as well as any implications these differences may have on cellular functions and evolution. Rubric Understanding of genetic material differences (provides a comprehensive and accurate explanation of the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in terms of their genetic material, including the structure, organisation and function of genetic material in each cell type. Demonstrates a thorough understanding of the topic) Analysis of implications (analyze the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in terms of their genetic material with depth and insight, discussing the implications of these differences on cellular functions and evolution. Provides specific examples and explanations.)

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 7P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of increasing the distance between the leader peptide gene and sequence 2 on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of increasing the distance between sequence 2 and sequence3 on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

In the presence of tryptophan, occurrence of translation of leader sequences result in blocking the sequence 2. Blocking of sequence 2 followed by transcription of sequence 3 and sequence 4, and formation of attenuator structure.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The affect of removing sequence 4 on transcription of the E.colitrp operon.

Introduction:

In the presence of tryptophan, occurrence of translation of leader sequences result in blocking the sequence 2. Blocking of sequence 2 followed by transcription of sequence 3 and sequence 4, and formation of attenuator structure.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of changing the two tryptophan (Trp) codons in the leader peptide gene to histidine (His) codons, on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Repressible operon represses the expression of structural gene. For example trp-operon have structural gene E, D, C, B and A that are repressed or inactive in the present of tryptophan. As the trp codon forms attenuation structure and make the operon sensitive against the tryptophan.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of eliminating the ribosome-binding site for the gene that encodes the leader peptide on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression

(f)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of changing several nucleotides in sequence 3 so that it can base pair with sequence 4 but not with sequence 2, on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression and sequence 3 and sequence 4 is responsible for the formation of attenuation structure.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 7P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of increasing the distance between the leader peptide gene and sequence 2 on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of increasing the distance between sequence 2 and sequence3 on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

In the presence of tryptophan, occurrence of translation of leader sequences result in blocking the sequence 2. Blocking of sequence 2 followed by transcription of sequence 3 and sequence 4, and formation of attenuator structure.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The affect of removing sequence 4 on transcription of the E.colitrp operon.

Introduction:

In the presence of tryptophan, occurrence of translation of leader sequences result in blocking the sequence 2. Blocking of sequence 2 followed by transcription of sequence 3 and sequence 4, and formation of attenuator structure.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of changing the two tryptophan (Trp) codons in the leader peptide gene to histidine (His) codons, on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Repressible operon represses the expression of structural gene. For example trp-operon have structural gene E, D, C, B and A that are repressed or inactive in the present of tryptophan. As the trp codon forms attenuation structure and make the operon sensitive against the tryptophan.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of eliminating the ribosome-binding site for the gene that encodes the leader peptide on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression

(f)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of changing several nucleotides in sequence 3 so that it can base pair with sequence 4 but not with sequence 2, on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression and sequence 3 and sequence 4 is responsible for the formation of attenuation structure.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 7P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of increasing the distance between the leader peptide gene and sequence 2 on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of increasing the distance between sequence 2 and sequence3 on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

In the presence of tryptophan, occurrence of translation of leader sequences result in blocking the sequence 2. Blocking of sequence 2 followed by transcription of sequence 3 and sequence 4, and formation of attenuator structure.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The affect of removing sequence 4 on transcription of the E.colitrp operon.

Introduction:

In the presence of tryptophan, occurrence of translation of leader sequences result in blocking the sequence 2. Blocking of sequence 2 followed by transcription of sequence 3 and sequence 4, and formation of attenuator structure.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of changing the two tryptophan (Trp) codons in the leader peptide gene to histidine (His) codons, on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Repressible operon represses the expression of structural gene. For example trp-operon have structural gene E, D, C, B and A that are repressed or inactive in the present of tryptophan. As the trp codon forms attenuation structure and make the operon sensitive against the tryptophan.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of eliminating the ribosome-binding site for the gene that encodes the leader peptide on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression

(f)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of changing several nucleotides in sequence 3 so that it can base pair with sequence 4 but not with sequence 2, on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression and sequence 3 and sequence 4 is responsible for the formation of attenuation structure.

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Answer 5

Chapter 28, Problem 7P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of increasing the distance between the leader peptide gene and sequence 2 on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of increasing the distance between sequence 2 and sequence3 on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

In the presence of tryptophan, occurrence of translation of leader sequences result in blocking the sequence 2. Blocking of sequence 2 followed by transcription of sequence 3 and sequence 4, and formation of attenuator structure.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The affect of removing sequence 4 on transcription of the E.colitrp operon.

Introduction:

In the presence of tryptophan, occurrence of translation of leader sequences result in blocking the sequence 2. Blocking of sequence 2 followed by transcription of sequence 3 and sequence 4, and formation of attenuator structure.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of changing the two tryptophan (Trp) codons in the leader peptide gene to histidine (His) codons, on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Repressible operon represses the expression of structural gene. For example trp-operon have structural gene E, D, C, B and A that are repressed or inactive in the present of tryptophan. As the trp codon forms attenuation structure and make the operon sensitive against the tryptophan.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of eliminating the ribosome-binding site for the gene that encodes the leader peptide on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression

(f)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of changing several nucleotides in sequence 3 so that it can base pair with sequence 4 but not with sequence 2, on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression and sequence 3 and sequence 4 is responsible for the formation of attenuation structure.

Answer 6

Chapter 28, Problem 7P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of increasing the distance between the leader peptide gene and sequence 2 on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression.

Answer 7

Chapter 28, Problem 7P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of increasing the distance between the leader peptide gene and sequence 2 on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of increasing the distance between sequence 2 and sequence3 on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

In the presence of tryptophan, occurrence of translation of leader sequences result in blocking the sequence 2. Blocking of sequence 2 followed by transcription of sequence 3 and sequence 4, and formation of attenuator structure.

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of increasing the distance between sequence 2 and sequence3 on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

In the presence of tryptophan, occurrence of translation of leader sequences result in blocking the sequence 2. Blocking of sequence 2 followed by transcription of sequence 3 and sequence 4, and formation of attenuator structure.

Answer 10

(c)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The affect of removing sequence 4 on transcription of the E.colitrp operon.

Introduction:

In the presence of tryptophan, occurrence of translation of leader sequences result in blocking the sequence 2. Blocking of sequence 2 followed by transcription of sequence 3 and sequence 4, and formation of attenuator structure.

Answer 11

(c)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The affect of removing sequence 4 on transcription of the E.colitrp operon.

Introduction:

In the presence of tryptophan, occurrence of translation of leader sequences result in blocking the sequence 2. Blocking of sequence 2 followed by transcription of sequence 3 and sequence 4, and formation of attenuator structure.

Answer 12

(d)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of changing the two tryptophan (Trp) codons in the leader peptide gene to histidine (His) codons, on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Repressible operon represses the expression of structural gene. For example trp-operon have structural gene E, D, C, B and A that are repressed or inactive in the present of tryptophan. As the trp codon forms attenuation structure and make the operon sensitive against the tryptophan.

Answer 13

(d)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of changing the two tryptophan (Trp) codons in the leader peptide gene to histidine (His) codons, on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Repressible operon represses the expression of structural gene. For example trp-operon have structural gene E, D, C, B and A that are repressed or inactive in the present of tryptophan. As the trp codon forms attenuation structure and make the operon sensitive against the tryptophan.

Answer 14

(e)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of eliminating the ribosome-binding site for the gene that encodes the leader peptide on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression

Answer 15

(e)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of eliminating the ribosome-binding site for the gene that encodes the leader peptide on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression

Answer 16

(f)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of changing several nucleotides in sequence 3 so that it can base pair with sequence 4 but not with sequence 2, on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression and sequence 3 and sequence 4 is responsible for the formation of attenuation structure.

Answer 17

(f)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of changing several nucleotides in sequence 3 so that it can base pair with sequence 4 but not with sequence 2, on transcription of the E.coli trp operon.

Introduction:

Transcription attenuation is a mechanism which regulates the translation of a leader peptide by controlling the transcription of structural gene. Trp operon contains two trp codons at attenuator region that forms stem-loop structure. Sequence 1 encodes the leader peptide and sequence 2 is responsible for the constitutive expression and sequence 3 and sequence 4 is responsible for the formation of attenuation structure.

Answer 18

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Ch. 28 - Prob. 1P Ch. 28 - Prob. 2P Ch. 28 - Prob. 3P Ch. 28 - Prob. 4P Ch. 28 - Prob. 5P Ch. 28 - Prob. 6P Ch. 28 - Prob. 7P Ch. 28 - Prob. 8P Ch. 28 - Prob. 9P Ch. 28 - Prob. 10P

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