Conceptual Integrated Science
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135197394
Author: Hewitt, Paul G., LYONS, Suzanne, (science Teacher), Suchocki, John, Yeh, Jennifer (jennifer Jean)
Publisher: PEARSON EDUCATION (COLLEGE)
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Textbook Question
Chapter 28, Problem 76TE
Giant tube worms living at the bottom of the ocean thrive in total darkness because their energy comes from bacteria. In what way are these tube worms still dependent upon sunlight?
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A cylinder with a piston contains 0.153 mol of
nitrogen at a pressure of 1.83×105 Pa and a
temperature of 290 K. The nitrogen may be
treated as an ideal gas. The gas is first compressed
isobarically to half its original volume. It then
expands adiabatically back to its original volume,
and finally it is heated isochorically to its original
pressure.
Part A
Compute the temperature at the beginning of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
T₁ =
?
K
Submit
Request Answer
Part B
Compute the temperature at the end of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
Π ΑΣΦ
T₂ =
Submit
Request Answer
Part C
Compute the minimum pressure.
Express your answer in pascals.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
P =
Submit
Request Answer
?
?
K
Pa
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
Τ
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
T
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Chapter 28 Solutions
Conceptual Integrated Science
Ch. 28 - How many known planets are in our solar system?Ch. 28 - What dwarf planet was downgraded from planetary...Ch. 28 - How are the outer planets different from the inner...Ch. 28 - Why does a nebula spin faster as it contracts?Ch. 28 - According to the nebula theory, did the planets...Ch. 28 - What happens to the amount of the Suns mass as it...Ch. 28 - What are sunspots?Ch. 28 - What is the solar wind?Ch. 28 - How does the rotation of the Sun differ from the...Ch. 28 - Prob. 10RCC
Ch. 28 - Why are the days on Mercury very hot and the...Ch. 28 - What two planets are evening or morning stars?Ch. 28 - Why is Earth called the blue planet?Ch. 28 - What gas makes up most of the Martian atmosphere?Ch. 28 - What evidence tells us that Mars was at one time...Ch. 28 - What surface feature do Jupiter and the Sun have...Ch. 28 - Which move faster Saturns inner rings or the...Ch. 28 - How tilted is Uranuss axis?Ch. 28 - Why is Neptune bluer than Uranus?Ch. 28 - Why doesnt the Moon have an atmosphere?Ch. 28 - Where is the Sun located when you view a full...Ch. 28 - Where are the Sun and the Moon located at the time...Ch. 28 - Why dont eclipses occur monthly, or nearly...Ch. 28 - How does the Moons rate of rotation about its own...Ch. 28 - Between the orbits of what two planets is the...Ch. 28 - What is the difference between a meteor and a...Ch. 28 - What is the Kuiper belt?Ch. 28 - What is the Oort cloud, and what is it noted for?Ch. 28 - Prob. 29RCCCh. 28 - What causes comet tails to point away from the...Ch. 28 - Prob. 31TISCh. 28 - Why does the evolution of life probably require...Ch. 28 - Rank these planets in order from longest to...Ch. 28 - Rank these planets in order of increasing number...Ch. 28 - Rank in order of increasing average density; a...Ch. 28 - Rank in order of increasing pressure at the centre...Ch. 28 - Rank in order of decreasing number of people who...Ch. 28 - Rank in order of increasing average distance from...Ch. 28 - Knowing that the speed of light is 300,000km/s,...Ch. 28 - How many days does sunlight take to travel the...Ch. 28 - Prob. 47TSCh. 28 - The nearest star to our Sun is Alpha Centauri,...Ch. 28 - If the Sun were the size of a beach ball, Earth...Ch. 28 - Prob. 50TECh. 28 - According to the nebular theory, what happens to a...Ch. 28 - Prob. 52TECh. 28 - When a contracting ball of hot gas spins into a...Ch. 28 - If the Earth didnt spin on its axis, but still...Ch. 28 - Which tends to be lager: a star or a nebula? Which...Ch. 28 - Prob. 56TECh. 28 - Prob. 57TECh. 28 - Does the Sun have a south and north magnetic pole?Ch. 28 - Explain why the radiation zone is more dense than...Ch. 28 - Prob. 60TECh. 28 - Explain how energy is transported outward through...Ch. 28 - Why does Venus, not Mercury, have the hottest...Ch. 28 - The greenhouse effect is very pronounced on Venus...Ch. 28 - What is the cause of winds on Mars and also on...Ch. 28 - Why is there so little wind on the surface of...Ch. 28 - If Venus were somehow transported into the...Ch. 28 - Mercury and Venus are never seen at night,...Ch. 28 - As evidenced in the photos of Figure 28.17, the...Ch. 28 - The exteriors of the outer planets are gaseous,...Ch. 28 - What is the major difference between the...Ch. 28 - What does Jupiter have in common with the Sun that...Ch. 28 - When it comes to celestial bodies, such as planets...Ch. 28 - Why are the seasons on Uranus different from the...Ch. 28 - Do all moons orbit in the same direction as the...Ch. 28 - Jupiters major moons keep getting stretched in...Ch. 28 - Giant tube worms living at the bottom of the ocean...Ch. 28 - When the Moon rises at sunset, its phase is always...Ch. 28 - Earth rotates much faster than Venus. How does the...Ch. 28 - Why are many craters evident on the surface of the...Ch. 28 - Why is there no atmosphere on the Moon? Defend...Ch. 28 - Is the fact that we see only one side of the Moon...Ch. 28 - Photograph a shows the moon partially lit by the...Ch. 28 - We always see the same face of the Moon because...Ch. 28 - If we never see the back side of the Moon, would...Ch. 28 - In what alignment of Sun, Moon, and Earth does a...Ch. 28 - In what alignment of Sun, Moon, and Earth does a...Ch. 28 - What does the Moon have in common with a compass...Ch. 28 - If you were on the moon and you looks up and saw a...Ch. 28 - If you were on the moon and you looks up and saw a...Ch. 28 - Earth takes 365.25 days to revolve around the Sun....Ch. 28 - Astronomers using land-based telescopes must...Ch. 28 - Nearly everybody has witnessed a lunar eclipse,...Ch. 28 - Because of the Earths shadow, a partially eclipsed...Ch. 28 - Which of the three orientations of the moon at...Ch. 28 - Assuming the above illustration depicts a sunset,...Ch. 28 - Is the sailboat seen in the above illustration...Ch. 28 - Where and how would the Moon be positioned if the...Ch. 28 - If an asteroid and a comet of equal mass were on a...Ch. 28 - In what sense is Pluto a potential comet?Ch. 28 - Smaller chunks of asteroids are sent hurling...Ch. 28 - Why are meteorites so much more easily found in...Ch. 28 - A meteor is visible only once, but a comet may be...Ch. 28 - What would be the consequence of a comets tail...Ch. 28 - Chances are about 50-50 that in any night sky...Ch. 28 - If the bulk of water on Earth didnt come from...Ch. 28 - Project what human civilization would be like if...Ch. 28 - What are the chances that microbial life-forms...Ch. 28 - Unmanned space probes are a very cost-effective...Ch. 28 - Prob. 1RATCh. 28 - The solar system is like an atom in that both a...Ch. 28 - The nebular theory is based on the observation...Ch. 28 - When a contracting hot ball of gas spins into a...Ch. 28 - Prob. 5RATCh. 28 - Compared to your weight on Earth, your weight on...Ch. 28 - When the Moon assumes its characteristically thin...Ch. 28 - When the Sun passes between the Moon and Earth, we...Ch. 28 - Asteroids orbit a the Moon. b Earth. c the Sun. d...Ch. 28 - With each pass of a comet about the Sun, the...
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