Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780133909029
Author: Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 28, Problem 6TYK
Anesthetics block pain by blocking the transmission of nerve signals. Which of these three chemicals might work as anesthetics? (Choose all that apply and explain your selections.)
a. a chemical that prevents the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels in membranes
b. a chemical that inhibits the enzymes that degrade neurotransmitters
c. a chemical that blocks neurotransmitter receptors
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Select All statements that are TRUE regarding the effects of administering a molecule that is a precursor for the synthesis of a neurotransmitter
A. Temporarily compensate for neuron cell death by increased release of the neurotransmitter (ex. L-dopa used as treatment for Parkinson’s disease)
B. Increase the rate of synthesis of that neurotransmitter
C. Block the reuptake of the neurotransmitter back into the axon terminal
D. Immediately alter then number of postsynaptic receptors
E. Act as an indirect antagonist by activating autoreceptors
The made-up drug leakyhose degrades myelin resulting in myelin becoming more porous and therefore a poor insulator.
2.) Which of the following would NOT be an effect of leakyhose?
A. Propagation of the action potential would likely slow
B. The action potential may degrade because it can’t properly be regenerated
C. The action potential would not propagate but would rather reverse directions
D. Saltatory conduction may be disrupted
E. All of the above effects are consistent with the administration of leakyhose
compare small molecule neurotransmitters to neuropeptides
Select one:
a. neuropeptides are synthesized as large peptide molecules that are cleaved to form smaller peptides; neurotransmitters are modified amino acids
b. neuropeptides bind to metabotropic receptors; neurotransmitters bind to ionotropic or metabotropic receptors
c. neuropeptides are slower to replenish in the axon terminal than neurotransmitters
d. all of these are valid comparisons
e. neuropeptides are released by cells that express the peptide gene; neurotransmitters are released by cells that express the synthetic enzymes required to convert amino acid precursors
Chapter 28 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
Ch. 28 - Test your understanding of the nervous system by...Ch. 28 - Fill in the blanks to match some brain structures...Ch. 28 - What causes a nerve signal to move from one end of...Ch. 28 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 28 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 28 - Anesthetics block pain by blocking the...Ch. 28 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 28 - Using microelectrodes, a researcher recorded nerve...Ch. 28 - Prob. 9TYK
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- The release of a neurotransmitter from a terminal button produces an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) in the postsynaptic neuron. What is the most likely mechanism by which this occurs? A. the neurotransmitter opens chemically activated chloride channels B. the neurotransmitter activates a second messenger which then opens calcium channels C. the neurotransmitter is glutamate D. the neurotransmitter acts on a G-protein linked receptor which opens sodium channelsarrow_forwardMatch the neurotransmitter to its description on the right. (1) biogenic amine A. short chains of amino acids (2) acetylcholine B. a modified amino acid (3) neuropeptide C. an amino acid(4) GABA D. stimulates skeletal muscle contractionarrow_forwardwhich of the following is the best comparison of GABA and glutamate Select one: a. all of these are valid comparisons of glutamate and GABA b. too much GABA can cause excitotoxicity; too much glutamate can cause seizures c. post synaptic sites for glutamate are most likely on the dendrite ; post synaptic sites for GABA are most likely on the cell body d. glutamate acts on ionotropic receptors; GABA acts on metabotropic receptors e. they are both excitatory amino acid precursors ; GABA is a precursor to making glutamatearrow_forward
- Glutamate's effect when it binds with protein receptors on the post synaptic membrane is to: a. Initiate movement of potassium ions out of the membrane b. Initiate movement of sodium ions into the membrane c. Initiate movement of sodium ions out of the membrane d. Initiate movement of potassium ions into the membrane GABA is an example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Drugs that increase the level of GABA are used to treat diseases such as epilepsy where the signal transmission needs to be impaired. The effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane is to: a. hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane b. decrease the threshold level c. depolarize the postsynaptic membrane d. maintain the resting potential Calcium is vital for bone growth, but it's also an important part of neural transmission. Calcium is required for the axon terminal to: a. Reuptake the neurotransmitter via exocytosis b. The neurotransmitter to be released by endocytosis c. The neurotransmitter…arrow_forwardIn an experiment you place a neuron and its synaptic contacts into a medium containing no calcium ions. You stimulate the neuron causing an action potential to propagate down the axon into the axon terminal of the neuron. 3.) What is the most likely result of this experimental manipulation? A. Prolong the refractory period of the action potential B. Decrease the time required to move sodium ions out of the axon terminal C. Prevent neurotransmitter from binding to receptors on postsynaptic cells D. Enhance the voltage changes associated with the action potential E. Prevent release of neurotransmitter into the synapsearrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of neuropeptides?A. They produce effects that last for minutes.B. They are chemically similar to the genes on a chromosome.C. They are released close to their receptors.D. They are released from the tip of an axon.arrow_forward
- Glutamate is Select one: a. All of these b. often synthesized from glial-synthesized glutamine c. an amino acid d. neurotoxic at high concentrations. e. the most commonly used neurotransmitter in the brainarrow_forwardThe Structure of the acetylcholine receptor is shown below: D. Briefly indicate what the role of the acetylcholine receptor is in an action potential.arrow_forwardCatecholamine (Epinephrine)-blockers are often used as a treatment to dilate blood vessels and therefore decrease arterial blood pressure (as a treatment for hypertension). This fact is excellent evidence to prove that the nervous system normally controlling the diameter of the arterial blood vessels is the: a. Somatosensory nervous system b. Sympathetic nervous system c. Reticular attenuating nervous system d. Parasympathetic nervous systemarrow_forward
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