Microbiology: An Introduction
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321733603
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 28, Problem 1R
What is industrial
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To review:
Industrial Microbiology and its importance
Introduction:
Industrial Microbiology involves using microbes in industrial processes like fermentation of foods, production of antibiotics, waste management and production of fuel, etc.
Explanation of Solution
Pictorial representation:
Explanation:
Industrial Microbiology is a division of microbiology which explores the uses of microorganisms in industrial processes.
The importance of Industrial Microbiology includes Fermentation Technologies where fermentation and large-scale production of alcohol (beer, wine), pickles, etc. can be done using microbes.
Yeast is used in food industries especially to ferment bread dough. Lactic acid bacteria is used for yogurt and buttermilk fermentation processes.
Bacillus thuringiensis is commonly used as a Biopesticide agent in agricultural fields.
Pharmaceutical industries involve large-scale production of antibiotics, e.g., penicillin from Penicillium and streptomycin from Streptomyces.
Bioremediation is a process of using microbes to remove toxic chemicals from contaminated drinking water and soil.
Metabolic Engineering involves large-scale production of compounds like vitamins from microbes by varying their genetic expression.
Conclusion
Microorganisms are used in industries for production of novel products and removal of contaminants.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
foraging/diet type
teeth
tongue
stomach
intestines
cecum
Insectivory
numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew
--
simple
short
mostly lacking
Myrmecophagy
absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater
extremely long
simple, often roughened
short
small or lacking
Terrestrial carnivory
sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog
--
simple
short
small
Aquatic carnivory
homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin
--
simple or multichambered (cetaceans only)
variable
small or absent
Sanguinivory
very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat
grooved
tubular, highly extensible
long
small or lacking
Herbivory (except nectivores)
incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver
--
simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants)
long
large
Filter feeding
none…
3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species
(A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your
answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the
diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences?
Species A
3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3
པར『ན་
cm 30
Species B
4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4
cm 10
Species C
0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3
020
Chapter 28 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 28 - What is industrial microbiology? Why is it...Ch. 28 - How does commercial sterilization differ from...Ch. 28 - Why is a can of blackberries preserved by...Ch. 28 - Outline the steps in the production of cheese, and...Ch. 28 - Beer is made with water, malt, and yeast; hops are...Ch. 28 - Why is a bioreactor better than a large flask for...Ch. 28 - The manufacture of paper includes the use of...Ch. 28 - Describe an example of bioconversion. What...Ch. 28 - Prob. 9RCh. 28 - NAME IT Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see this...
Ch. 28 - Which bacteria seem to be most frequently used in...Ch. 28 - Methylophilus methylotrophus can convert methane...Ch. 28 - Faded worn-look denim is produced with cellulase....Ch. 28 - Foods packed in plastic for microwaving are a....Ch. 28 - Acetobacter is necessary for only one of the steps...Ch. 28 - Use the following choices to answer questions 35:...Ch. 28 - The spoilage of canned foods caused by Geobacillus...Ch. 28 - A heat-resistant fungus that causes spoilage in...Ch. 28 - The term 12D treatment refers to a. heat treatment...Ch. 28 - Which one of the following is not a fuel produced...Ch. 28 - Which type of radiation is used to preserve foods?...Ch. 28 - Which of the following reactions is undesirable in...Ch. 28 - Which of the following reactions is an oxidation...Ch. 28 - Suppose you are culturing a microorganism that...Ch. 28 - Researchers at the CDC inoculated apple cider with...Ch. 28 - The antibiotic efrotomycin is produced by...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
True or false? Some trails are considered vestigial because they existed long ago.
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Why do scientists think that all forms of life on earth have a common origin?
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Gregor Mendel never saw a gene, yet he concluded that some inherited factors were responsible for the patterns ...
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 cm 30 Species B 0/4, 0/0, 3/3, 3/3 cm 10 Species C 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 E 0 cm 20 AILarrow_forwardNormal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO₂ level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO₂ triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. • How might the location and slope of the O2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?arrow_forwardHow much ATP will be produced during the following metabolic scenario: Aerobic respiration of a 5mM lipid solution that is made up of one glycerol and an 8-carbon fatty acid and 12-carbon fatty acid. Recall that when glycerol breaks down to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate it costs one ATP but your get an extra FADH2. Every two carbons of a fatty acid break down to one acetyl-CoA. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.arrow_forward
- If a bacterium using aerobic respiration was to degrade one small protein molecule into 8 molecules of pyruvic acid, how many ATP would that cell make? Assume there is no other carbon source. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in molecules of ATP.arrow_forwardIf a bacterium using aerobic respiration was to degrade a 30 mM solution of citric acid, how many ATP would that cell make? Assume no other carbon source is available. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.arrow_forwardHow much ATP will be produced during the following metabolic scenario: Aerobic respiration of a 5mM lipid solution that is made up of one glycerol and an 8-carbon fatty acid and 12-carbon fatty acid. Recall that when glycerol breaks down to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate it costs one ATP but your get an extra FADH2. Every two carbons of a fatty acid break down to one acetyl-CoA. (pathways will be provided on the exam) Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.arrow_forward
- When beta-lactamase was isolated from Staphylcoccus aureus and treated with a phosphorylating agent, only the active site, serine was phosphorylated. Additionally, the serine was found to constitute 0.35% (by weight) of this beta-lactamase enzyme. Using this, calculate the molecular weight of this enzyme and estimate the number of amino acids present in the polypeptide.arrow_forwardBased on your results from the Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) media, which of your bacteria were mannitol fermenters and which were not mannitol fermenters?arrow_forwardhelp tutor pleasearrow_forward
- Q8. A researcher wants to study the effectiveness of a pill intended to reduce stomach heartburn in pregnant women. The researcher chooses randomly 400 women to participate in this experiment for 9 months of their pregnancy period. They all need to have the same diet. The researcher designs two groups of 200 participants: One group take the real medication intended to reduce heartburn, while the other group take placebo medication. In this study what are: Independent variable: Dependent variable: Control variable: Experimental group: " Control group: If the participants do not know who is consuming the real pills and who is consuming the sugar pills. This study is It happens that 40% of the participants do not find the treatment helpful and drop out after 6 months. The researcher throws out the data from subjects that drop out. What type of bias is there in this study? If the company who makes the medication funds this research, what type of bias might exist in this research work?arrow_forwardHow do I determine the inhertiance pattern from the pedigree diagram?arrow_forwardits an open book assignemntarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative a...NursingISBN:9781305964792Author:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy CorreaPublisher:Cengage LearningEssentials Health Info Management Principles/Prac...Health & NutritionISBN:9780357191651Author:BowiePublisher:Cengage
Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative a...
Nursing
ISBN:9781305964792
Author:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy Correa
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Essentials Health Info Management Principles/Prac...
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9780357191651
Author:Bowie
Publisher:Cengage
Industrial Processes and By-products | 9-1 GCSE Chemistry | OCR, AQA, Edexcel; Author: SnapRevise;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMLKgqEMXwc;License: Standard Youtube License