(a) Interpretation: To determine if the physiological effect of penicillin drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug. Concept introduction: Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of penicillin drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

The physiological effects of penicillin were determined before the medicine was being discovered.

Explanation of Solution

The penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. He grew more penicillium mold as he thought that it would work as an antibiotic. Hence, the physiological effect of penicillin was already determined.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of sildenafil (Viagra) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Sildenafil’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Sildenafil was synthesized in the 90’s to cure hypertension and angina pectoris. But this was not effective after testing on the humans. While the person being tested had undergone penile erection. Hence, the physiological effect of the sildenafil was determined after it was being tested on the person.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of rofecoxib (Vioxx) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Rofecoxib’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Rofecoxib was discovered in 1990 to reduce the inflammation and treat the pain caused due to osteoarthritis. But it was discovered that this drug had a negative effect on the heart and increased the risk of cardiovascular disease. Hence, the physiological effect of rofecoxib was known after its use.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of atorvastatin (Lipitor) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Atorvastatin’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Atorvastatinwas an experimental compound, which was formed in 1982. When it was tested on the individuals, then it was found that it can treat bad LDLs and can reduce the rate of fatal heart attacks in the people with heart diseases.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of aspirin drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Aspirin’s physiological effect was determined before it was used.

Explanation of Solution

In 400 BC the extract from willow was found to have effective results on fever, inflammation, and pain. In the 19^th century, experiments were done on salicylic acid, which is an active compound of the willow extract. After finding the effectiveness of salicylic acid, it was prescribed by the pharmacists. Hence, the physiological effect of aspirin was already known.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of indinavir (Crixivan) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Indinavir’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Indinavir was discovered as a protease inhibitor, but after its experiments on the animals, and humans, it was found to be effective in HIV AIDS. Hence, its physiological effects were known after its discovery.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of penicillin drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

The physiological effects of penicillin were determined before the medicine was being discovered.

Explanation of Solution

The penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. He grew more penicillium mold as he thought that it would work as an antibiotic. Hence, the physiological effect of penicillin was already determined.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of sildenafil (Viagra) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Sildenafil’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Sildenafil was synthesized in the 90’s to cure hypertension and angina pectoris. But this was not effective after testing on the humans. While the person being tested had undergone penile erection. Hence, the physiological effect of the sildenafil was determined after it was being tested on the person.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of rofecoxib (Vioxx) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Rofecoxib’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Rofecoxib was discovered in 1990 to reduce the inflammation and treat the pain caused due to osteoarthritis. But it was discovered that this drug had a negative effect on the heart and increased the risk of cardiovascular disease. Hence, the physiological effect of rofecoxib was known after its use.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of atorvastatin (Lipitor) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Atorvastatin’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Atorvastatinwas an experimental compound, which was formed in 1982. When it was tested on the individuals, then it was found that it can treat bad LDLs and can reduce the rate of fatal heart attacks in the people with heart diseases.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of aspirin drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Aspirin’s physiological effect was determined before it was used.

Explanation of Solution

In 400 BC the extract from willow was found to have effective results on fever, inflammation, and pain. In the 19^th century, experiments were done on salicylic acid, which is an active compound of the willow extract. After finding the effectiveness of salicylic acid, it was prescribed by the pharmacists. Hence, the physiological effect of aspirin was already known.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of indinavir (Crixivan) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Indinavir’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Indinavir was discovered as a protease inhibitor, but after its experiments on the animals, and humans, it was found to be effective in HIV AIDS. Hence, its physiological effects were known after its discovery.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of penicillin drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

The physiological effects of penicillin were determined before the medicine was being discovered.

Explanation of Solution

The penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. He grew more penicillium mold as he thought that it would work as an antibiotic. Hence, the physiological effect of penicillin was already determined.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of sildenafil (Viagra) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Sildenafil’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Sildenafil was synthesized in the 90’s to cure hypertension and angina pectoris. But this was not effective after testing on the humans. While the person being tested had undergone penile erection. Hence, the physiological effect of the sildenafil was determined after it was being tested on the person.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of rofecoxib (Vioxx) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Rofecoxib’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Rofecoxib was discovered in 1990 to reduce the inflammation and treat the pain caused due to osteoarthritis. But it was discovered that this drug had a negative effect on the heart and increased the risk of cardiovascular disease. Hence, the physiological effect of rofecoxib was known after its use.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of atorvastatin (Lipitor) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Atorvastatin’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Atorvastatinwas an experimental compound, which was formed in 1982. When it was tested on the individuals, then it was found that it can treat bad LDLs and can reduce the rate of fatal heart attacks in the people with heart diseases.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of aspirin drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Aspirin’s physiological effect was determined before it was used.

Explanation of Solution

In 400 BC the extract from willow was found to have effective results on fever, inflammation, and pain. In the 19^th century, experiments were done on salicylic acid, which is an active compound of the willow extract. After finding the effectiveness of salicylic acid, it was prescribed by the pharmacists. Hence, the physiological effect of aspirin was already known.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of indinavir (Crixivan) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Indinavir’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Indinavir was discovered as a protease inhibitor, but after its experiments on the animals, and humans, it was found to be effective in HIV AIDS. Hence, its physiological effects were known after its discovery.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 28, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of penicillin drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

The physiological effects of penicillin were determined before the medicine was being discovered.

Explanation of Solution

The penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. He grew more penicillium mold as he thought that it would work as an antibiotic. Hence, the physiological effect of penicillin was already determined.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of sildenafil (Viagra) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Sildenafil’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Sildenafil was synthesized in the 90’s to cure hypertension and angina pectoris. But this was not effective after testing on the humans. While the person being tested had undergone penile erection. Hence, the physiological effect of the sildenafil was determined after it was being tested on the person.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of rofecoxib (Vioxx) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Rofecoxib’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Rofecoxib was discovered in 1990 to reduce the inflammation and treat the pain caused due to osteoarthritis. But it was discovered that this drug had a negative effect on the heart and increased the risk of cardiovascular disease. Hence, the physiological effect of rofecoxib was known after its use.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of atorvastatin (Lipitor) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Atorvastatin’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Atorvastatinwas an experimental compound, which was formed in 1982. When it was tested on the individuals, then it was found that it can treat bad LDLs and can reduce the rate of fatal heart attacks in the people with heart diseases.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of aspirin drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Aspirin’s physiological effect was determined before it was used.

Explanation of Solution

In 400 BC the extract from willow was found to have effective results on fever, inflammation, and pain. In the 19^th century, experiments were done on salicylic acid, which is an active compound of the willow extract. After finding the effectiveness of salicylic acid, it was prescribed by the pharmacists. Hence, the physiological effect of aspirin was already known.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of indinavir (Crixivan) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Indinavir’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Indinavir was discovered as a protease inhibitor, but after its experiments on the animals, and humans, it was found to be effective in HIV AIDS. Hence, its physiological effects were known after its discovery.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 28, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of penicillin drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

The physiological effects of penicillin were determined before the medicine was being discovered.

Explanation of Solution

The penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. He grew more penicillium mold as he thought that it would work as an antibiotic. Hence, the physiological effect of penicillin was already determined.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of sildenafil (Viagra) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Sildenafil’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Sildenafil was synthesized in the 90’s to cure hypertension and angina pectoris. But this was not effective after testing on the humans. While the person being tested had undergone penile erection. Hence, the physiological effect of the sildenafil was determined after it was being tested on the person.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of rofecoxib (Vioxx) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Rofecoxib’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Rofecoxib was discovered in 1990 to reduce the inflammation and treat the pain caused due to osteoarthritis. But it was discovered that this drug had a negative effect on the heart and increased the risk of cardiovascular disease. Hence, the physiological effect of rofecoxib was known after its use.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of atorvastatin (Lipitor) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Atorvastatin’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Atorvastatinwas an experimental compound, which was formed in 1982. When it was tested on the individuals, then it was found that it can treat bad LDLs and can reduce the rate of fatal heart attacks in the people with heart diseases.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of aspirin drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Aspirin’s physiological effect was determined before it was used.

Explanation of Solution

In 400 BC the extract from willow was found to have effective results on fever, inflammation, and pain. In the 19^th century, experiments were done on salicylic acid, which is an active compound of the willow extract. After finding the effectiveness of salicylic acid, it was prescribed by the pharmacists. Hence, the physiological effect of aspirin was already known.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of indinavir (Crixivan) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Indinavir’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Indinavir was discovered as a protease inhibitor, but after its experiments on the animals, and humans, it was found to be effective in HIV AIDS. Hence, its physiological effects were known after its discovery.

Answer 6

Chapter 28, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of penicillin drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

The physiological effects of penicillin were determined before the medicine was being discovered.

Explanation of Solution

The penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. He grew more penicillium mold as he thought that it would work as an antibiotic. Hence, the physiological effect of penicillin was already determined.

Answer 7

Chapter 28, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of penicillin drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

The physiological effects of penicillin were determined before the medicine was being discovered.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

The penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. He grew more penicillium mold as he thought that it would work as an antibiotic. Hence, the physiological effect of penicillin was already determined.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of sildenafil (Viagra) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Sildenafil’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Sildenafil was synthesized in the 90’s to cure hypertension and angina pectoris. But this was not effective after testing on the humans. While the person being tested had undergone penile erection. Hence, the physiological effect of the sildenafil was determined after it was being tested on the person.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of sildenafil (Viagra) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Sildenafil’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

Sildenafil was synthesized in the 90’s to cure hypertension and angina pectoris. But this was not effective after testing on the humans. While the person being tested had undergone penile erection. Hence, the physiological effect of the sildenafil was determined after it was being tested on the person.

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of rofecoxib (Vioxx) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Rofecoxib’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Rofecoxib was discovered in 1990 to reduce the inflammation and treat the pain caused due to osteoarthritis. But it was discovered that this drug had a negative effect on the heart and increased the risk of cardiovascular disease. Hence, the physiological effect of rofecoxib was known after its use.

Answer 21

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of rofecoxib (Vioxx) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Rofecoxib’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Explanation of Solution

Rofecoxib was discovered in 1990 to reduce the inflammation and treat the pain caused due to osteoarthritis. But it was discovered that this drug had a negative effect on the heart and increased the risk of cardiovascular disease. Hence, the physiological effect of rofecoxib was known after its use.

Answer 27

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of atorvastatin (Lipitor) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Atorvastatin’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Atorvastatinwas an experimental compound, which was formed in 1982. When it was tested on the individuals, then it was found that it can treat bad LDLs and can reduce the rate of fatal heart attacks in the people with heart diseases.

Answer 28

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of atorvastatin (Lipitor) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Atorvastatin’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Answer 30

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Explanation of Solution

Atorvastatinwas an experimental compound, which was formed in 1982. When it was tested on the individuals, then it was found that it can treat bad LDLs and can reduce the rate of fatal heart attacks in the people with heart diseases.

Answer 34

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of aspirin drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Aspirin’s physiological effect was determined before it was used.

Explanation of Solution

In 400 BC the extract from willow was found to have effective results on fever, inflammation, and pain. In the 19^th century, experiments were done on salicylic acid, which is an active compound of the willow extract. After finding the effectiveness of salicylic acid, it was prescribed by the pharmacists. Hence, the physiological effect of aspirin was already known.

Answer 35

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of aspirin drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Answer 36

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Aspirin’s physiological effect was determined before it was used.

Answer 37

Expert Solution

Answer 38

Expert Solution

Answer 39

Expert Solution

Answer 40

Explanation of Solution

In 400 BC the extract from willow was found to have effective results on fever, inflammation, and pain. In the 19^th century, experiments were done on salicylic acid, which is an active compound of the willow extract. After finding the effectiveness of salicylic acid, it was prescribed by the pharmacists. Hence, the physiological effect of aspirin was already known.

Answer 41

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of indinavir (Crixivan) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Indinavir’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Explanation of Solution

Indinavir was discovered as a protease inhibitor, but after its experiments on the animals, and humans, it was found to be effective in HIV AIDS. Hence, its physiological effects were known after its discovery.

Answer 42

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To determine if the physiological effect of indinavir (Crixivan) drug was known before or after the discovery of the drug.

Concept introduction:

Physiological effects are the changes that occur inside a body to maintain the constant state of the body. If there is any kind of disturbance or imbalance inside the body, then the physiological effects come in action. These effects can be measured or recognized in a certain manner.

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1P

Indinavir’s physiological effect was determined after it was used.

Answer 44

Expert Solution

Answer 45

Expert Solution

Answer 46

Expert Solution

Answer 47

Explanation of Solution

Indinavir was discovered as a protease inhibitor, but after its experiments on the animals, and humans, it was found to be effective in HIV AIDS. Hence, its physiological effects were known after its discovery.