Campbell Biology In Focus, Loose-leaf Edition (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134895727
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27.4, Problem 3CC
MAKE CONNECTIONS The radiation of bilaterians in marine environments from 535 to 400 million years ago demonstrates that evolution is not goal oriented— it is not, for example, directed toward the origin of terrestrial vertebrates. Explain. (Review Concept 23.4.)
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You have now studied three different types of anatomical structures.
Homologous structures show individual variations on a common anatomical theme. These
are seen in organisms that are closely related.
1. Give an example of a homologous structure from this activity:
Analogous structures have very different anatomies but similar functions. These are seen in
organismsthat are not necessarily closely related but live in similar environments and have
similar adaptations.
2. Give an example of an analogous structure from this activity:
Vestigial structures are anatomical remnants that were important in the organism's ancestors
but are nolonger used in the same way.
3. Give an example of a vestigial structure from this activity:
PART II. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY EVIDENCE
> Using the information in the Reading file part Il and textbook reading, answer the following
questions:
1. Whales possess vestigial organs in the form of pelvic girdle and hind limb bones. How would
you explain this?
Page 3 of 6
Evolution Lab Exercise Report (by Dr. Lapik)
2. How can you explain that, while forelimbs of bats and human arms are used for vastly different
purposes, they do have similar anatomy?
3. How would you explain the presence of gill slits in embryos of animals that do not form gills?
Chapter 27 Solutions
Campbell Biology In Focus, Loose-leaf Edition (3rd Edition)
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 27.2 - What is the Cambrian explosion? Why is it...Ch. 27.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.3 - WHAT IF? Would it be accurate to describe the...Ch. 27.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.4 - Describe two key adaptations of aquatic...Ch. 27.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The radiation of bilaterians in...
Ch. 27.5 - Describe two adaptations that have enabled insects...Ch. 27.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare and contrast how the...Ch. 27.6 - Describe three key amniote adaptations for life on...Ch. 27.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.6 - WHAT IF? Which came first, the chicken or the egg?...Ch. 27.7 - Describe how ocean communities changed in the...Ch. 27.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 27 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 27 - Fossil steroid and molecular clock evidence...Ch. 27 - Which of the following was probably the least...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 27 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION In Figure 27.29, circle the...Ch. 27 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION Early tetrapods had a...Ch. 27 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Collectively, do these...
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- Define convergent evolution, and discuss how the cephalopod eye and the vertebrate eye demonstrate this phenomenon.arrow_forwardSpecies Embryo (A-F) Describe the Anatomical Changes from Early to Late Stages Human Chicken Rabbit Tortoise Salamander В Fish A Guide Questions: 1. Look again at the six embryos in their earliest stages. Describe the patterns you see. What physical similarities exist between each of the embryos? 2. Does this suggest an evolutionary relationship? Explain how these embryos can be used as evidence of a common ancestor between each of these six organisms.arrow_forwardEvolution in Humans: 1) describe several techniques that paleontologists today use to establish fossil age 2) describe how tracking changes in DNA sequence among related organisms can be used to create a migration maparrow_forward
- MAKE CONNECTIONS Hawaiian silverswords underwent a remarkable adaptive radiation after their ancestor reached Hawaii, while the islands were still young(see Figure 25.22). Would you expect the cattle egretto undergo a similar adaptive radiation in the Americas(see Figure 52.18)? Explain.arrow_forwardPlease exaplain 1. One of the explanations for the diversity seen in the fossils corresponding to the Cambrian explosion is the existence of an evolutionary “arms race” between predators and prey. True or False ? 2.Our planet is undergoing such a rapid transition that we may have shifted into a new epoch: the Anthropocene. True or False?arrow_forwardWRITE ABOUT A THEME: Organization You have seenmany examples of how form fits function at all levels of thebiological hierarchy. However, we can imagine forms thatwould function better than some forms actually found innature. For example, if the wings of a bird were not formedfrom its forelimbs, such a hypothetical bird could fly yet alsohold objects with its forelimbs. In a short essay (100–150words), use the concept of “evolution as tinkering” to explainwhy there are limits to the functionality of forms in nature.arrow_forward
- Please do fast How old are the first recognizable mammals relative to the K/T boundary layer (i.e., extinction of the dinosaurs), and from what reptilian lineage did they evolve? Is this lineage the same reptilian lineage that gave rise to birds? How are these lineages distinguished? Hold old are the first fossil birds? What other plant/animal lineages first became widespread in the Tertiary that were less common in the Cretaceous?..arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 9. In interpreting a cladogram, (a) we can identify the specific ancestor of each taxon by tracing each branch back to the node closest to the root (b) taxa on the right side of a cladogram have evolved from the taxa on the left side (c) the relative placement of smaller branches allows us to determine the number of years since a particular taxon has evolved (d) we can determine relationships by tracing along the branches back to the most recent common ancestor (e) we must first identify horizontal gene transferarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 4. The presence of homologous structures in two different groups of organisms suggests that (a) the organisms evolved from a common ancestor (b) convergent evolution has occurred (c) they belong to a polyphyletic group (d) homoplasy has occurred (e) independently acquired characters may evolve when organisms inhabit similar environmentsarrow_forward
- Thinking Critically When did the first true animals evolve? What atmospheric changes had to happen before animal life was possible? Are descendants of most of the early forms of animal life represented in the ocean today? Explain why.arrow_forwardWhat do similarities in the early development stages of the embryos indicate about the evolutionary history of these organisms? 9999 II II II II II II II II III III III III III III III Pig Calf Rabbit Man Fish Sala- Tortoise Chick mander Embryological Evidences The organisms evolved from the same embryo. The organisms are all in the phylum called mollusks. The organisms all located in the the fossil record 1 million years ago. The organisms all evolved from a common ancestor.arrow_forwardHow are vestigial structures an example of evidence of evolution?arrow_forward
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