Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27.10, Problem 1MQ
Describe the binding site for superantigens on T cells and APCs. How does this relate to the activation of a much larger population of T cells than normal upon exposure to superantigens?
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Chapter 27 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1MQCh. 27.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 27.1 - Distinguish between clonal deletion and clonal...Ch. 27.1 - QWhy is it necessary that all three defining...Ch. 27.2 - Identify the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of...Ch. 27.2 - Describe an epitope recognized by an antibody, and...Ch. 27.2 - Give an example for each: natural and artificial...Ch. 27.2 - QWhat properties are required for a vaccine to...Ch. 27.3 - Summarize antibody production starting with...Ch. 27.3 - Differentiate among antibody classes using...
Ch. 27.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 27.3 - QDescribe the structural and functional...Ch. 27.4 - Draw a complete Ig molecule and identify...Ch. 27.4 - Describe antigen binding to the CDR1, 2, and 3...Ch. 27.4 - Describe the recombination events that produce a...Ch. 27.4 - QWhich Ig chains are used to construct a complete...Ch. 27.5 - Identify the cells that display MHC class I and...Ch. 27.5 - Compare the MHC I and MHC II protein structures...Ch. 27.5 - Define the sequence of events for processing and...Ch. 27.5 - QDescribe the basic structure of class I and class...Ch. 27.6 - Define polymorphism and polygeny as they apply to...Ch. 27.6 - How does a single MHC protein present many...Ch. 27.6 - QPolymorphism implies that each different MHC...Ch. 27.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 27.7 - Identify diversity-generating mechanisms unique to...Ch. 27.7 - Describe and compare the structural features of Ig...Ch. 27.7 - QWhat diversity-generating mechanisms function to...Ch. 27.8 - Describe the mechanism used by Tc cells to...Ch. 27.8 - Describe the effector system (the cell-killing...Ch. 27.8 - Compare and contrast the roles and activities of...Ch. 27.8 - QWhat mechanism do Tc cells use to identify and...Ch. 27.9 - Discriminate between immediate hypersensitivity...Ch. 27.9 - Provide examples and mechanisms for an...Ch. 27.9 - QHow do immediate and delayed-type...Ch. 27.10 - Describe the binding site for superantigens on T...Ch. 27.10 - Compare and contrast the immunodeficiency observed...Ch. 27.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 27.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 27 - Antibodies of the IgA class are probably more...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2AQCh. 27 - Polymorphism implies that each different MHC...Ch. 27 - What problems would arise if a person had a...
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- Using quail and chick embryos, quail-specific antibody and fluorescent tissue-specific antibodies, design an experiment where you investigate the tissues the cranial neural crest can give rise to. What are four derivatives of the cranial neural crest that you expect to see in the resulting chimeric embryos?arrow_forwardDoes the neural crest have to undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition prior to migration through the developing embryo? Does the neural crest differentiate into different cell types based on their axial position along the anterior and posterior axis?arrow_forwardUsing quail and chicken embryos, what kind of experiment would you conduct to test if rib forming somites have their axial identity specified before segmentation? How do we know this phenotype is due to axial identity being specified before segmentation and not due to our experimental method?arrow_forward
- 8. Aerobic respiration of a 5 mM solution of tripeptide that is composed of the following three amino acids; alanine, leucine and isoleucine. Alanine breaks down to pyruvate, leucine breaks down to Acetyl-CoA and isoleucine breaks down to succinyl-CoA. Alanine NADH FADH2 OP ATP SLP ATP Total ATP Leucine Isoleucine Totals Show your work using dimensional analysis here: 4arrow_forward9. Aerobic respiration of one lipid molecule. The lipid is composed of one glycerol molecule connected to two fatty acid tails. One fatty acid is 12 carbons long and the other fatty acid is 18 carbons long in the figure below. Use the information below to determine how much ATP will be produced from the glycerol part of the lipid. Then, in part B, determine how much ATP is produced from the 2 fatty acids of the lipid. Finally put the NADH and ATP yields together from the glycerol and fatty acids (part A and B) to determine your total number of ATP produced per lipid. Assume no other carbon source is available. fatty acids glycerol 18 carbons 12 carbons 0=arrow_forwardinfluences of environment on the phenotype.arrow_forward
- What is the difference between codominance and phenotypic plasticity?arrow_forwardExplain the differences between polygeny and pleiotropy,arrow_forwardIf using animals in medical experiments could save human lives, is it ethical to do so? In your answer, apply at least one ethical theory in support of your position.arrow_forward
- You aim to test the hypothesis that the Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes inhibit each other's expression during limb development. With access to chicken embryos and viruses capable of overexpressing Tbx4 and Tbx5, describe an experiment to investigate whether these genes suppress each other's expression in the limb buds. What results would you expect if they do repress each other? What results would you expect if they do not repress each other?arrow_forwardYou decide to delete Fgf4 and Fgf8 specifically in the limb bud. Explain why you would not knock out these genes in the entire embryo instead.arrow_forwardYou implant an FGF10-coated bead into the anterior flank of a chicken embryo, directly below the level of the wing bud. What is the phenotype of the resulting ectopic limb? Briefly describe the expected expression domains of 1) Shh, 2) Tbx4, and 3) Tbx5 in the resulting ectopic limb bud.arrow_forward
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