Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260791563
Author: Kenneth S. Saladin
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Higher Education (us)
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Chapter 27, Problem 17TYR
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Spermatozoa and spermatids are immature haploid germ cells derived from the secondary spermatocytes and spermatogonial stem cells by meiotic division. These haploid cells keep themselves secluded from the blood circulation system in terms of blood-testis barrier, to avoid the extreme immune response to attack a so-called autoimmune disorder.
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 27 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
Ch. 27.1 - Essential characteristics of sexual reproduction;...Ch. 27.1 - Multiple functions of the male and female...Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 27.1 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 27.1 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 27.1 - Fates of the mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts...Ch. 27.1 - Structures of the embryonic genital tubercle,...Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 27.2 - Anatomy and functions of the scrotum and spermatic...Ch. 27.2 - Prob. 2AYLO
Ch. 27.2 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 27.2 - The germinal epithelium of the seminiferous...Ch. 27.2 - The arterial supply and venous drainage of the...Ch. 27.2 - Gross anatomy of the epididymis; the series of...Ch. 27.2 - Three sets of male accessory glands: their...Ch. 27.2 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 27.2 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 27.3 - Definitions of puberty and adolescence; the...Ch. 27.3 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 27.3 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 27.3 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 27.3 - Changes in the levels of testosterone, inhibin,...Ch. 27.3 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 27.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 27.4 - Why meiosis is necessary in sexually reproducing...Ch. 27.4 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 27.4 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 27.4 - The origin of primordial germ cells, their...Ch. 27.4 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 27.4 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 27.4 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 27.4 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 27.4 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 27.4 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 27.5 - Blood vessels of the penis and how they function...Ch. 27.5 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 27.5 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 27.5 - The mechanism of erection including the roles of...Ch. 27.5 - The physiological state of the male in the plateau...Ch. 27.5 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 27.5 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 27 - The ductus deferens develops from the _______.of...Ch. 27 - The protein that clots and causes the stickiness...Ch. 27 - The expulsion of semen occurs when the...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 27 - The penis is attached to the pubic arch by crura...Ch. 27 - The first hormone secreted at the onset of puberty...Ch. 27 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 27 - Four spermatozoa arise from each a. primordial...Ch. 27 - The point in meiosis at which sister chromatids...Ch. 27 - Blood is forced out of the penile lacunae by...Ch. 27 - Prob. 11TYRCh. 27 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 27 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 27 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 27 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 27 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 27 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 27 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 27 - Erection of the penis occurs when nitric oxide...Ch. 27 - A sperm penetrates the egg by means of enzymes in...Ch. 27 - crypto-Ch. 27 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 27 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 27 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 27 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 27 - meio-Ch. 27 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 27 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 27 - someCh. 27 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 27 - Testosterone is secreted by the nurse cells of the...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2WWTSCh. 27 - Prob. 3WWTSCh. 27 - Prob. 4WWTSCh. 27 - A high testosterone level makes a fetus develop a...Ch. 27 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 27 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 27 - Prob. 8WWTSCh. 27 - Male menopause is the cessation of sperm...Ch. 27 - Prob. 10WWTSCh. 27 - Prob. 1TYCCh. 27 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 27 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 27 - Why is it possible for spermatogonia to be outside...Ch. 27 - A 68-year-old man taking medication for...
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