BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 26, Problem 6A
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Any groups of viruses that infect and replicate within the bacteria is referred to as a bacteriophage. They inject their own genetic material into the bacterial cells and use the biological machinery of the bacteria for their reproduction.
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Indicate whether each statement applies to the lytic or lysogenic cycle of phage A, or to both.
1. The host cell is lysed. (Click to select) v
2. The genetic material of the phage is copied. (Click to select) v
3. The genetic material of the phage is integrated into the bacterium's chromosome. (Click to select) v
4. Two ends of the phage DNA become covalently attached to one another. (Click to select) v
5. The integrase gene is turned on.: (Click to select) v
(Click to select)
lytic
lysogenic
both
What happens when T2 phages are grown with radioactive phosphorus?
a. Their DNA becomes radioactive.
b. Their proteins become radioactive.
c. Their DNA is found to be medium density in a centrifuge tube.
d. They are no longer able to transform bacterial cells.
e. They transfer their radioactivity to E. coli chromosomes during infection.
...Explain your answer.
Which statement describes the difference between a lytic and lysogenic phage cycle?
In a lytic cycle, new phage particles will be produced; in a lysogenic cycle, the phage DNA is passed to new cells but does not produce phage particles.
In a lytic cycle, the host cell does not die; in a lysogenic cycle, the host is killed.
In a lytic cycle, the phage DNA enters the host cell; in a lysogenic cycle, the phage DNA remains on the exterior of the host cell.
In a lytic cycle, the phage DNA incorporates into the host genome; in a lysogenic cycle, the phage DNA does not incorporate into the host genome.
Chapter 26 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 26.3 - Describe how viruses can contribute DNA to their...Ch. 26.4 - Describe the differences between acute and...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 26 - Prob. 1UCh. 26 - Prob. 2UCh. 26 - Prob. 3UCh. 26 - Prob. 4UCh. 26 - Why is a drug that blocks HIV binding to one of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6UCh. 26 - Prob. 7UCh. 26 - Prob. 1ACh. 26 - Prob. 2ACh. 26 - Prob. 3ACh. 26 - Prob. 4ACh. 26 - Prob. 5ACh. 26 - Prob. 6ACh. 26 - Prob. 7ACh. 26 - E. coli lysogens derived from infection by phage ...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2SCh. 26 - Prob. 3SCh. 26 - Prob. 4SCh. 26 - Prob. 5S
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- In an experiment, scientists grew bacteriophages in a culture with radioactive phosphorus (32P). The phages were then allowed to infect E. coli. a. The phages were then allowed to infect E. coli. Where was the 32P found after mixing with the E. coli?arrow_forwardBriefly describe the two approaches a bacteriophagecan take to trigger an infection once inside its host cell.arrow_forwardWhen various strains of λ phage are seeded on a lawn of E. coli, they can form clear or turbid plaques. (b) For mutant λ phages that can only form clear plaques, give two different types of mutation in the phage that can explain the clear plaque phenotype.arrow_forward
- One of the reasons why phage therapy has not been applied widely is that bacteria can become resistant to bacteriophages as well, through mutations in genes encoding for specific proteins. What would be a protein in the bacterial cell that, if mutated, would make that cell resistant to phage infection?arrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. lytic cycle b. prophage c. transduction d. lysogeny e. nuclocapsidarrow_forwardWhy is a webbed plate capable of producing a higher lysate titer (pfu/mL) than a cleared plate? a.) A webbed plate has plaques that have gone through more rounds of replication because the number of host cells did not limit phage replication, creating exponentially more phage particles b.) A webbed plate has no more host available for replication, meaning the plate is full of exponentially higher amounts of phage c.) A cleared plate has less bacteria than a webbed plate, so there are more plaques present d.) A cleared plate contains more phage than a webbed plate because it started with a more concentrated phage samplearrow_forward
- The contents of a plaque may not always contain a clonal population of phage if: a. Identical phages from a neighboring plaque diffuse into the original plaque b. The bacteria run out of resources too quickly and limit phage growth c. Different phages from a neighboring plaque diffuse into the original plaque d. All plaques on the plate originated from a pure phage culturearrow_forwardIf a viral host cell has a mutation that interferes with the addition of carbohydrates to proteins (glycoproteins) during processing in the Golgi apparatus, which of the following processes is most likely to occur? O A. Viruses released by that host cell would have a decreased ability to infect cells than the virus that originally infected the cell. B. The virus-encoded protease would be unable to cleave large viral proteins into smaller, functional polypeptides. OC. The virus would be unable to replicate within the host cell. D. Viruses released by that cell are novel and would result in infections with higher mortality rates.arrow_forwardThe five stages of the bacteriophage lytic cycle occur in this order:a. penetration, attachment, release, maturation, biosynthesis.b. attachment, penetration, release, biosynthesis, maturation.c. biosynthesis, attachment, penetration, maturation, release.d. attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, release.e. penetration, biosynthesis, attachment, maturation, release.arrow_forward
- Viruses are host-specific, meaning they can only infect specific types of host organisms. For examble, the adenovirus is responsible for the common cold in humans but your dog can't catch a cold from you. Why is this? The proteins on the virus surface can only bind with proteins on the correct host surface. It is an enveloped or non-enveloped virus. The enzymes carried by the virus are compatible with the host. The genome of the virus is made of DNA or RNA.arrow_forwardBacteria exposed to viruses incorporate sections of the virus’s DNA into the CRISPR array sequences in their genome. This mechanism allows bacteria to fight off the viruses, like an immune response: the information in CRISPR spacers served as “coordinates” for recognizing and cutting up invading DNA sequences. Describe what might happen under the conditions described after a bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell and releases its DNA into the bacterial cell. Explain why: 1. The invading phage DNA is recognized by the Cas proteins but not inserted into the CRISPR array region of the bacterial genome: The bacteria will be unable to elicit an immune response and will succumb to the phase infection 2. The cas genes on the bacterial genome contains a missense mutation that increases its cleavage/cut activityThe bacteria will elicit an immune response that will successfully fight the phage infectionarrow_forwardPhage M13 has often been used for Select one: O a. Specialized transduction b. generalized transduction O c. phage display d. conjugationarrow_forward
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