Concept explainers
Case summary:
A patient with symptoms like slight increase in extracellular fluid volume, large decrease in plasma sodium concentration, very concentrated urine and cardiac fibrillation.
Adequate information:
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone released by the adrenal gland. It acts as a prime regulator of the sodium chloride (salt) and water content of the body. It causes an increase in salt (sodium chloride) and water reabsorption which leads to increased blood volume and blood concentration. The reabsorption of sodium chloride helps in restoring blood pressure.
To determine:
The name of the hormone that cause symptoms like slight increase in extracellular fluid volume, large decrease in plasma sodium concentration, very concentrated urine and cardiac fibrillation. Also, are these symptoms are caused by oversecretion or undersecretion of the hormone is to be determined.
Given Information:
A patient acquire the following symptoms like slight increase in extracellular fluid volume, large decrease in plasma sodium concentration, very concentrated urine and cardiac fibrillation. The patient body condition change with imbalance in a particular hormone.
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ANAT.+PHYSIO.2-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
- During a state of low blood volume and decreased extracellular sodium level (as in cardiac failure), which one of the following occurs? 1) B. Aldosterone is produced by the kidneys, leading to the release of renin, which increases kidney reabsorption of sodium. 2) D. Antidiuretic hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates the production of aldosterone by the adrenal gland, which increases reabsorption of sodium and water retention. 3) A. Renin is produced by the kidneys and is converted to angiotensin, which induces the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal gland, which in turn increases reabsorption of sodium and retention of water. 4) C. Renin is produced by the adrenal glands, leading to vasoconstriction and production of antidiuretic hormone by the pituitary gland, which increases fluid volume by causing water retention. no references, just homeworkarrow_forwardA person has an adrenal tumor with increased secretion of aldosterone. They might develop secondary hypertension due to the resulting: 1) increase in sodium and ADH 2) decrease in sodium and ADH 3) increase in sodium and decrease in ADH 4) decrease in sodium and increase in ADHarrow_forwardDescribe the changes that occur in response to binding of aldosterone by kidney cells.arrow_forward
- Describe the functions of the following hormones: Aldosterone Erythropoietin Antidiuretic hormone Angiotensin II Epinephrinearrow_forwardAssume a person is moderately dehydrated and has low blood pressure. In response, the kidneys and liver will secrete one hormone each. Name the two hormones and explain the three outcomes to re-establish a normal blood pressure.arrow_forwardDescribe the specific effect of aldosterone on the kidney.arrow_forward
- A patient has a tumor in the adrenal cortex that continuously secretes large amounts of aldosterone. What is this condition called, and what effects does this have on the total amount of sodium and potassium in her body?arrow_forwardName the target tissue of aldosterone, and list theeffects of an increase in aldosterone secretion on theconcentration of ions in the blood.arrow_forwardTheoretically, which one of the following hormones could be administered to decrease blood volume: antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, parathyroid hormone, or atrial natriuretic peptide? Explain.arrow_forward
- The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a disorder of impaired water excretion caused by the inability to suppress the secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Why does the patient experience serum hypernatremia (high sodium), polyuria and polydipsia (excessive thirst)? Explain.arrow_forwardA steady increase in the excretion of sodium and chlorine ions causes the insufficiency of one hormone. What is the name of this hormone? Describe manifestations which appear at insufficiency or redundancy of these ions. Explain. 2. The patient was diagnosed with hypernatremia, hypokalemia, increased osmotic blood pressure, edema. a) What pathology occurs in the patient? b) Violation of the secretion of which hormone is observed in this pathology? Name its chemical nature c) Specify the mechanism of action of the hormonearrow_forwardDefine atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning