Chapter 26, Problem 26.6APR

Capital rationing decision for a service company involving four proposals

 Clearcast Communications Inc. is considering allocating a limited amount of capital investment funds among four proposals. The amount of proposed investment, estimated income from operations, and net cash flow for each proposal are as follows:

	Investment	Year	Income from Operations	Net Cash Flow
Proposal A:	$450,000	1	$ 30,000	$120,000
		2	30,000	120,000
		3	20,000	110,000
		4	10,000	100,000
		5	(30,000)	60,000
			$ 60,000	$510,000
Proposal B:	$200,000	1	$ 60,000	$100,000
		2	40,000	80,000
		3	20,000	60,000
		4	(10,000)	30,000
		5	(20,000)	20,000
			$ 90,000	$290,000
Proposal C:	$320,000	1	$ 36,000	$100,000
		2	26,000	90,000
		3	26,000	90,000
		4	16,000	80,000
		5	16,000	80,000
			$120,000	$440,000
Proposal D:	$540,000	1	$ 92,000	$200,000
		2	72,000	180,000
		3	52,000	160,000
		4	12,000	120,000
		5	(8,000)	100,000
			$220,000	$760,000

 The company’s capital rationing policy requires a maximum cash payback period of three years. In addition, a minimum average rate of return of 12% is required on all projects. If the preceding standards are met, the net present value method and present value indexes are used to rank the remaining proposals.

  Instructions

1. 1. Compute the cash payback period for each of the four proposals.
2. 2. Giving effect to straight-line depreciation on the investments and assuming no estimated residual value, compute the average rate of return for each of the four proposals. Round to one decimal place.
3. 3. Using the following format, summarize the results of your computations in parts (1) and (2). By placing the calculated amounts in the first two columns on the left and by placing a check mark in the appropriate column to the right, indicate which proposals should lie accepted for further analysis and which should be rejected.

Proposal	Cash Payback Period	Average Rate of Return	Accept for Further Analysis	Reject
A
E
C
D

 4.    For the proposals accepted for further analysis in part (3), compute the net present value. Use a rate of 12% and the present value of $1 table appearing in this chapter (Exhibit 2).

 5.    Compute the present value index for each of the proposals in part (4). Round to two decimal places.

 6.    Rank the proposals from most attractive to least attractive, based on the present values of net cash flows computed in part (4).

 7.    Rank the proposals from most attractive to least attractive, based on the present value indexes computed in part (5).

 8.    Based on the analyses, comment on the relative attractiveness of the proposals ranked in parts (6) and (7).

To determine

Cash payback method:

Cash payback period is the expected time period which is required to recover the cost of investment. It is one of the capital investment method used by the management to evaluate the long-term investment (fixed assets) of the business.

Average rate of return method:

Average rate of return is the amount of income which is earned over the life of the investment. It is used to measure the average income as a percent of the average investment of the business, and it is also known as the accounting rate of return.

The average rate of return is computed as follows:

$\text{Average rate of return =}\frac{\text{Estimated average annual income}}{\text{Average investment}}$

Net present value method:

Net present value method is the method which is used to compare the initial cash outflow of investment with the present value of its cash inflows. In the net present value, the interest rate is desired by the business based on the net income from the investment, and it is also called as the discounted cash flow method.

Present value index:

Present value index is a technique, which is used to rank the proposals of the business.  It is used by the management when the business has more investment proposals, and limited fund.

The present value index is computed as follows:

$\text{Present value index =}\frac{\text{Total present value of net cash flow}}{\text{Amount to be invested}}$

To determine: The cash payback period for the given proposals.

Explanation of Solution

The cash payback period for the given proposals is as follows:

Proposal A:

Initial investment=$450,000

Cash payback period of Proposal A
Year		Net cash flows		Cumulative net cash flows
1		120,000		120,000
2		120,000		240,000
3		110,000		350,000
4		100,000		450,000

Table (1)

Hence, the cash payback period of proposal A is 4 years.

Proposal B:

Initial investment=$200,000

Cash payback period of Proposal B
Year		Net cash flows		Cumulative net cash flows
1		100,000		100,000
2		80,000		180,000
4 months (1)		20,000		200,000

Table (2)

Hence, the cash payback period of proposal B is 2 years and 4 months.

Working note:

1. Calculate the no. of months in the cash payback period:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{No}\text{. of months = }\left(\frac{\text{Balance amount of intital investment}}{\text{Total cash flow for particular year}}\right)\times \text{No}\text{. of months in a year}\\ \text{=}\frac{\$20,000}{\$60,000}\times 12\text{ months}\\ \text{= 4 months}\end{array}$ (1)

Proposal C:

Initial investment=$320,000

Cash payback period of Proposal C
Year		Net cash flows		Cumulative net cash flows
1		100,000		100,000
2		90,000		190,000
3		90,000		280,000
6 months (2)		40,000		320,000

Table (3)

Hence, the cash payback period of proposal C is 3 years and 6 months.

Working note:

2. Calculate the no. of months in the cash payback period:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{No}\text{. of months = }\left(\frac{\text{Balance amount of intital investment}}{\text{Total cash flow for particular year}}\right)\times \text{No}\text{. of months in a year}\\ \text{=}\frac{\$40,000}{\$80,000}\times 12\text{ months}\\ \text{= 6 months}\end{array}$ (2)

Proposal D:

Initial investment=$540,000

Cash payback period of Proposal D
Year		Net cash flows		Cumulative net cash flows
1		200,000		200,000
2		180,000		380,000
3		160,000		540,000

Table (4)

Hence, the cash payback period of proposal D is 3 years.

To determine

The average rate of return for the give proposals.

Explanation of Solution

The average rate of return for the given proposals is as follows:

Proposal A:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Average rate of investment = }\frac{\left(\frac{\text{Income from operations}}{\text{Useful life of years}}\right)}{\left(\frac{\text{Cost of investment}}{2}\right)}\\ =\frac{\left(\frac{\$60,000}{5\text{ years}}\right)}{\left(\frac{\$450,000}{2}\right)}\\ =\frac{\$12,000}{\$225,000}\\ =0.053\\ \text{In percentage 0}\text{.053}\times \text{100 = 5}\text{.3\%}\end{array}$

Hence, the average rate of return for Proposal A is 5.3%.

Proposal B:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Average rate of investment = }\frac{\left(\frac{\text{Income from operations}}{\text{Useful life of years}}\right)}{\left(\frac{\text{Cost of investment}}{2}\right)}\\ =\frac{\left(\frac{\$90,000}{5\text{ years}}\right)}{\left(\frac{\$200,000}{2}\right)}\\ =\frac{\$18,000}{\$100,000}\\ =0.18\\ \text{In percentage 0}\text{.18}\times \text{100 = 18}\text{.0\%}\end{array}$

Hence, the average rate of return for Proposal B is 18.0%.

Proposal C:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Average rate of investment = }\frac{\left(\frac{\text{Income from operations}}{\text{Useful life of years}}\right)}{\left(\frac{\text{Cost of investment}}{2}\right)}\\ =\frac{\left(\frac{\$120,000}{5\text{ years}}\right)}{\left(\frac{\$320,000}{2}\right)}\\ =\frac{\$24,000}{\$160,000}\\ =0.15\\ \text{In percentage 0}\text{.15}\times \text{100 = 15}\text{.0\%}\end{array}$

Hence, the average rate of return for Proposal C is 15.0%.

Proposal D:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Average rate of investment = }\frac{\left(\frac{\text{Income from operations}}{\text{Useful life of years}}\right)}{\left(\frac{\text{Cost of investment}}{2}\right)}\\ =\frac{\left(\frac{\$220,000}{5\text{ years}}\right)}{\left(\frac{\$540,000}{2}\right)}\\ =\frac{\$44,000}{\$270,000}\\ =0.163\\ \text{In percentage 0}\text{.163}\times \text{100 = 16}\text{.3\%}\end{array}$

Hence, the average rate of return for Proposal D is 16.3%.

To determine

To indicate: The proposals which should be accepted for further analysis, and which should be rejected.

Explanation of Solution

The proposals which should be accepted for further analysis, and which should be rejected is as follows:

Figure (1)

Proposals A and C are rejected, because proposal A and C fails to meet the required maximum cash back period of 3 years, and they has less rate of return than the other proposals. Hence, Proposals B and D are preferable.

To determine

The net present value of preferred proposals.

Explanation of Solution

Calculate the net present value of the proposals which has 12% rate of return as follows:

Proposal B:

Figure (2)

Hence, the net present value of proposal B is $26,200.

Proposal D:

Figure (3)

Hence, the net present value of proposal D is $29,000.

To determine

To determine:  The present value index for each proposal.

Explanation of Solution

The present value index for each proposal is as follows:

Proposal B:

Calculate the present value index for proposal B:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Present value index for proposal B = }\frac{\text{Total presest value of cash flow}}{\text{Amount to be invested}}\\ \text{=}\frac{\text{\$226,200}}{\text{\$200,000}}\\ \text{=1}\text{.13}\end{array}$

Hence, the present value index for proposal B is 1.13.

Proposal D:

Calculate the present value index for proposal D:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Present value index for proposal D= }\frac{\text{Total presest value of cash flow}}{\text{Amount to be invested}}\\ \text{=}\frac{\text{\$569,000}}{\text{\$540,000}}\\ \text{=1}\text{.05}\end{array}$

Hence, the present value index for proposal D is 1.05.

To determine

To rank: The proposal from most attractive to least attractive, based on the present value of net cash flows.

Explanation of Solution

Proposals are arranged by rank is as follows:

Proposals	Net present value	Rank
Proposal D	$      29,000	1
Proposal B	$      26,200	2

Table (5)

To determine

To rank: The proposal from most attractive to least attractive, based on the present value of index.

Explanation of Solution

Proposals are arranged by rank is as follows:

Proposals	Present value index	Rank
Proposal B	1.13	1
Proposal D	1.05	2

Table (6)

To determine

To analysis: The proposal which is favor to investment, and comment on the relative attractiveness of the proposals based on the rank.

Explanation of Solution

On the basis of net present value:

The net present value of Proposal B is $26,200, and Proposal D is $29,000. In this case, the net present value of proposal D is more than the net present value of proposal B. Hence, investment in Proposal D is preferable.

On the basis of present value index:

The present value index of Proposal B is 1.13, and the present value index of Proposal D is 1.05. In this case, Proposal B has the favorable present value index, because the present value index of Proposal B (1.13) is more than Proposal D (1.05).  Thus, the investment in Proposal B is preferable (favorable).

Every business tries to get maximum profit with minimum investment. Hence, the cost of investment in Proposal B is less than the proposal D. Thus, investment in Proposal B is preferable.