Methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate react with radical initiators (R•) as shown here. The difference in their reactivities in free radical polymerizations is dramatic. For example, methyl acrylate is less reactive with radicals than methyl methacrylate, but free radicals formed from methyl acrylate are more reactive than those formed from methyl methacrylate. In other words, C is more reactive than A , and B is more reactive than D . It is to be explained, the above observations. Concept introduction: The breaking of a covalent bond, whereby the electrons making up that bond are distributed equally to the atoms which are disconnected is known as the homolytic bond dissociation or homolysis. So in homolysis generally radicals are formed. In homolysis, a covalent bond is a breakdown equally and each atom acquires a single electron which is called a radical and a single barbed arrow ( ) is used to represents the movement of a single electron in a homolysis process. In homolysis, the radicals from a breaking of the weakest bond of the molecule give the major products. The weakest bond possesses the smallest bond dissociation energy . The stability order for radicals is methyl radical < 1 o radical < 2 o radical < allylic radical < 3 o radical . The more stable radical is always in its lowest energy state. Since radicals are electron-poor like carbocation, the electron-donating groups increase the stability of radicals.

Question

Polylactic acid (shown below) is a biodegradable polymer used for food packaging. Identify the monomer(s) used in the production of this polymer using a condensation process.

Answer 1

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 26, Problem 26.69P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate react with radical initiators (R•) as shown here. The difference in their reactivities in free radical polymerizations is dramatic. For example, methyl acrylate is less reactive with radicals than methyl methacrylate, but free radicals formed from methyl acrylate are more reactive than those formed from methyl methacrylate. In other words, C is more reactive than A, and B is more reactive than D. It is to be explained, the above observations.

Concept introduction:

The breaking of a covalent bond, whereby the electrons making up that bond are distributed equally to the atoms which are disconnected is known as the homolytic bond dissociation or homolysis. So in homolysis generally radicals are formed. In homolysis, a covalent bond is a breakdown equally and each atom acquires a single electron which is called a radical and a single barbed arrow () is used to represents the movement of a single electron in a homolysis process. In homolysis, the radicals from a breaking of the weakest bond of the molecule give the major products. The weakest bond possesses the smallest bond dissociation energy. The stability order for radicals is methyl radical < 1oradical < 2oradical < allylic radical < 3oradical. The more stable radical is always in its lowest energy state. Since radicals are electron-poor like carbocation, the electron-donating groups increase the stability of radicals.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Students have asked these similar questions

Polylactic acid (shown below) is a biodegradable polymer used for food packaging. Identify the monomer(s) used in the production of this polymer using a condensation process.

Draw the product of the reaction shown below. Ignore small byproducts that would evaporate please

Poly(ethylene adipate) is a biodegradable polyester (shown below). Identify the type of polymerization process used in the production of this polymer.

Answer 2

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 26, Problem 26.69P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate react with radical initiators (R•) as shown here. The difference in their reactivities in free radical polymerizations is dramatic. For example, methyl acrylate is less reactive with radicals than methyl methacrylate, but free radicals formed from methyl acrylate are more reactive than those formed from methyl methacrylate. In other words, C is more reactive than A, and B is more reactive than D. It is to be explained, the above observations.

Concept introduction:

The breaking of a covalent bond, whereby the electrons making up that bond are distributed equally to the atoms which are disconnected is known as the homolytic bond dissociation or homolysis. So in homolysis generally radicals are formed. In homolysis, a covalent bond is a breakdown equally and each atom acquires a single electron which is called a radical and a single barbed arrow () is used to represents the movement of a single electron in a homolysis process. In homolysis, the radicals from a breaking of the weakest bond of the molecule give the major products. The weakest bond possesses the smallest bond dissociation energy. The stability order for radicals is methyl radical < 1oradical < 2oradical < allylic radical < 3oradical. The more stable radical is always in its lowest energy state. Since radicals are electron-poor like carbocation, the electron-donating groups increase the stability of radicals.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 3

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 26, Problem 26.69P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate react with radical initiators (R•) as shown here. The difference in their reactivities in free radical polymerizations is dramatic. For example, methyl acrylate is less reactive with radicals than methyl methacrylate, but free radicals formed from methyl acrylate are more reactive than those formed from methyl methacrylate. In other words, C is more reactive than A, and B is more reactive than D. It is to be explained, the above observations.

Concept introduction:

The breaking of a covalent bond, whereby the electrons making up that bond are distributed equally to the atoms which are disconnected is known as the homolytic bond dissociation or homolysis. So in homolysis generally radicals are formed. In homolysis, a covalent bond is a breakdown equally and each atom acquires a single electron which is called a radical and a single barbed arrow () is used to represents the movement of a single electron in a homolysis process. In homolysis, the radicals from a breaking of the weakest bond of the molecule give the major products. The weakest bond possesses the smallest bond dissociation energy. The stability order for radicals is methyl radical < 1oradical < 2oradical < allylic radical < 3oradical. The more stable radical is always in its lowest energy state. Since radicals are electron-poor like carbocation, the electron-donating groups increase the stability of radicals.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 26, Problem 26.69P

Interpretation Introduction