A type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of an invaded host cell is called a retrovirus. Thereby, it changes the genome of the host cell. These viruses are composed only of RNA and not DNA. They possess specific enzymes that provide them the unique characteristics.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 1U

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of an invaded host cell is called a retrovirus. Thereby, it changes the genome of the host cell. These viruses are composed only of RNA and not DNA. They possess specific enzymes that provide them the unique characteristics.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1U

Correct answer: b. Because host cells’ genomes do not contain a gene encoding an enzyme that can make DNA from RNA.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Retroviruses possess the reverse transcriptase enzyme. This is because the genome of the host cell does not possess a gene encoding an enzyme that could convert DNA from RNA. The reverse transcriptase enzyme converts RNA genome into DNA.

Option b. is given as “Because host cells’ genomes do not contain a gene encoding an enzyme that can make DNA from RNA”.

Hence, the correct answer is option b.

Reasons for the incorrect answers:

Option a. is given as “because host cells make DNA from RNA only in G2 of the cell cycle, and HIV infects only during G1 of the cell cycle”.

This is not an appropriate option that describes the function of reverse transcriptase enzyme in the retrovirus. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Because HIV deletes large parts of the host cell genome upon infection, and that means there is a chance that host cell reverse transcriptase will be deleted”.

The presence of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses facilitates reverse transcription of RNA into DNA. Therefore, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as “Host cells cannot make RNA from DNA”.

This is not an appropriate option for the necessity of the presence of the reverse transcriptase enzyme in a retrovirus. Therefore, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., c., and d. are incorrect.

Conclusion

Thus, the reason for the need of retroviruses to contain the reverse transcriptase enzyme is that it would facilitate the reverse transcription of RNA into DNA.

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19. On the diagram below a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA. b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing. c. Add the following details to the diagram. Promoter region TATA box Transcription start site Transcription terminator Intron (A,B,C,D) Exons (1,2,3,4,5) Splice sites 5' cap 5' UTR (untranslated region) 3' poly A tail 3' UTR (untranslated region) Translational start (AUG) Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA) N and C ends of polypeptide 0000

Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter labels are not used. MNNNNNNIN M C B A M D F E H K G 8

The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions. 1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction? 2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe: a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why? b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for? 3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale. 4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale. Mutation 1 Mutation 2

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 1U

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of an invaded host cell is called a retrovirus. Thereby, it changes the genome of the host cell. These viruses are composed only of RNA and not DNA. They possess specific enzymes that provide them the unique characteristics.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1U

Correct answer: b. Because host cells’ genomes do not contain a gene encoding an enzyme that can make DNA from RNA.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Retroviruses possess the reverse transcriptase enzyme. This is because the genome of the host cell does not possess a gene encoding an enzyme that could convert DNA from RNA. The reverse transcriptase enzyme converts RNA genome into DNA.

Option b. is given as “Because host cells’ genomes do not contain a gene encoding an enzyme that can make DNA from RNA”.

Hence, the correct answer is option b.

Reasons for the incorrect answers:

Option a. is given as “because host cells make DNA from RNA only in G2 of the cell cycle, and HIV infects only during G1 of the cell cycle”.

This is not an appropriate option that describes the function of reverse transcriptase enzyme in the retrovirus. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Because HIV deletes large parts of the host cell genome upon infection, and that means there is a chance that host cell reverse transcriptase will be deleted”.

The presence of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses facilitates reverse transcription of RNA into DNA. Therefore, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as “Host cells cannot make RNA from DNA”.

This is not an appropriate option for the necessity of the presence of the reverse transcriptase enzyme in a retrovirus. Therefore, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., c., and d. are incorrect.

Conclusion

Thus, the reason for the need of retroviruses to contain the reverse transcriptase enzyme is that it would facilitate the reverse transcription of RNA into DNA.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 1U

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of an invaded host cell is called a retrovirus. Thereby, it changes the genome of the host cell. These viruses are composed only of RNA and not DNA. They possess specific enzymes that provide them the unique characteristics.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1U

Correct answer: b. Because host cells’ genomes do not contain a gene encoding an enzyme that can make DNA from RNA.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Retroviruses possess the reverse transcriptase enzyme. This is because the genome of the host cell does not possess a gene encoding an enzyme that could convert DNA from RNA. The reverse transcriptase enzyme converts RNA genome into DNA.

Option b. is given as “Because host cells’ genomes do not contain a gene encoding an enzyme that can make DNA from RNA”.

Hence, the correct answer is option b.

Reasons for the incorrect answers:

Option a. is given as “because host cells make DNA from RNA only in G2 of the cell cycle, and HIV infects only during G1 of the cell cycle”.

This is not an appropriate option that describes the function of reverse transcriptase enzyme in the retrovirus. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Because HIV deletes large parts of the host cell genome upon infection, and that means there is a chance that host cell reverse transcriptase will be deleted”.

The presence of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses facilitates reverse transcription of RNA into DNA. Therefore, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as “Host cells cannot make RNA from DNA”.

This is not an appropriate option for the necessity of the presence of the reverse transcriptase enzyme in a retrovirus. Therefore, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., c., and d. are incorrect.

Conclusion

Thus, the reason for the need of retroviruses to contain the reverse transcriptase enzyme is that it would facilitate the reverse transcription of RNA into DNA.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 1U

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of an invaded host cell is called a retrovirus. Thereby, it changes the genome of the host cell. These viruses are composed only of RNA and not DNA. They possess specific enzymes that provide them the unique characteristics.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1U

Correct answer: b. Because host cells’ genomes do not contain a gene encoding an enzyme that can make DNA from RNA.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Retroviruses possess the reverse transcriptase enzyme. This is because the genome of the host cell does not possess a gene encoding an enzyme that could convert DNA from RNA. The reverse transcriptase enzyme converts RNA genome into DNA.

Option b. is given as “Because host cells’ genomes do not contain a gene encoding an enzyme that can make DNA from RNA”.

Hence, the correct answer is option b.

Reasons for the incorrect answers:

Option a. is given as “because host cells make DNA from RNA only in G2 of the cell cycle, and HIV infects only during G1 of the cell cycle”.

This is not an appropriate option that describes the function of reverse transcriptase enzyme in the retrovirus. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Because HIV deletes large parts of the host cell genome upon infection, and that means there is a chance that host cell reverse transcriptase will be deleted”.

The presence of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses facilitates reverse transcription of RNA into DNA. Therefore, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as “Host cells cannot make RNA from DNA”.

This is not an appropriate option for the necessity of the presence of the reverse transcriptase enzyme in a retrovirus. Therefore, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., c., and d. are incorrect.

Conclusion

Thus, the reason for the need of retroviruses to contain the reverse transcriptase enzyme is that it would facilitate the reverse transcription of RNA into DNA.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 26, Problem 1U

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of an invaded host cell is called a retrovirus. Thereby, it changes the genome of the host cell. These viruses are composed only of RNA and not DNA. They possess specific enzymes that provide them the unique characteristics.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1U

Correct answer: b. Because host cells’ genomes do not contain a gene encoding an enzyme that can make DNA from RNA.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Retroviruses possess the reverse transcriptase enzyme. This is because the genome of the host cell does not possess a gene encoding an enzyme that could convert DNA from RNA. The reverse transcriptase enzyme converts RNA genome into DNA.

Option b. is given as “Because host cells’ genomes do not contain a gene encoding an enzyme that can make DNA from RNA”.

Hence, the correct answer is option b.

Reasons for the incorrect answers:

Option a. is given as “because host cells make DNA from RNA only in G2 of the cell cycle, and HIV infects only during G1 of the cell cycle”.

This is not an appropriate option that describes the function of reverse transcriptase enzyme in the retrovirus. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Because HIV deletes large parts of the host cell genome upon infection, and that means there is a chance that host cell reverse transcriptase will be deleted”.

The presence of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses facilitates reverse transcription of RNA into DNA. Therefore, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as “Host cells cannot make RNA from DNA”.

This is not an appropriate option for the necessity of the presence of the reverse transcriptase enzyme in a retrovirus. Therefore, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., c., and d. are incorrect.

Conclusion

Thus, the reason for the need of retroviruses to contain the reverse transcriptase enzyme is that it would facilitate the reverse transcription of RNA into DNA.

Answer 6

Chapter 26, Problem 1U

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of an invaded host cell is called a retrovirus. Thereby, it changes the genome of the host cell. These viruses are composed only of RNA and not DNA. They possess specific enzymes that provide them the unique characteristics.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1U

Correct answer: b. Because host cells’ genomes do not contain a gene encoding an enzyme that can make DNA from RNA.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Retroviruses possess the reverse transcriptase enzyme. This is because the genome of the host cell does not possess a gene encoding an enzyme that could convert DNA from RNA. The reverse transcriptase enzyme converts RNA genome into DNA.

Option b. is given as “Because host cells’ genomes do not contain a gene encoding an enzyme that can make DNA from RNA”.

Hence, the correct answer is option b.

Reasons for the incorrect answers:

Option a. is given as “because host cells make DNA from RNA only in G2 of the cell cycle, and HIV infects only during G1 of the cell cycle”.

This is not an appropriate option that describes the function of reverse transcriptase enzyme in the retrovirus. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Because HIV deletes large parts of the host cell genome upon infection, and that means there is a chance that host cell reverse transcriptase will be deleted”.

The presence of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses facilitates reverse transcription of RNA into DNA. Therefore, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as “Host cells cannot make RNA from DNA”.

This is not an appropriate option for the necessity of the presence of the reverse transcriptase enzyme in a retrovirus. Therefore, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., c., and d. are incorrect.

Conclusion

Thus, the reason for the need of retroviruses to contain the reverse transcriptase enzyme is that it would facilitate the reverse transcription of RNA into DNA.

Answer 7

Chapter 26, Problem 1U

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of an invaded host cell is called a retrovirus. Thereby, it changes the genome of the host cell. These viruses are composed only of RNA and not DNA. They possess specific enzymes that provide them the unique characteristics.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1U

Correct answer: b. Because host cells’ genomes do not contain a gene encoding an enzyme that can make DNA from RNA.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Retroviruses possess the reverse transcriptase enzyme. This is because the genome of the host cell does not possess a gene encoding an enzyme that could convert DNA from RNA. The reverse transcriptase enzyme converts RNA genome into DNA.

Option b. is given as “Because host cells’ genomes do not contain a gene encoding an enzyme that can make DNA from RNA”.

Hence, the correct answer is option b.

Reasons for the incorrect answers:

Option a. is given as “because host cells make DNA from RNA only in G2 of the cell cycle, and HIV infects only during G1 of the cell cycle”.

This is not an appropriate option that describes the function of reverse transcriptase enzyme in the retrovirus. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Because HIV deletes large parts of the host cell genome upon infection, and that means there is a chance that host cell reverse transcriptase will be deleted”.

The presence of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses facilitates reverse transcription of RNA into DNA. Therefore, option c. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as “Host cells cannot make RNA from DNA”.

This is not an appropriate option for the necessity of the presence of the reverse transcriptase enzyme in a retrovirus. Therefore, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., c., and d. are incorrect.

Answer 12

Conclusion

Thus, the reason for the need of retroviruses to contain the reverse transcriptase enzyme is that it would facilitate the reverse transcription of RNA into DNA.

Answer 13

Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1LO Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 2LO Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 1LO Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 2LO Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 1LO Ch. 26.3 - Describe how viruses can contribute DNA to their...Ch. 26.4 - Describe the differences between acute and...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 2LO Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 3LO Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 1LO

A type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of an invaded host cell is called a retrovirus. Thereby, it changes the genome of the host cell. These viruses are composed only of RNA and not DNA. They possess specific enzymes that provide them the unique characteristics.

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