Concepts of Genetics Plus Mastering Genetics with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (12th Edition) (What's New in Genetics)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134811390
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26, Problem 1CS
In a region of Quebec, Canada, 1 in 22 people are heterozygous for the mutant tyrosinemia allele. Using the frequency of heterozygotes, calculate the frequency of recessive homozygotes in this population. What might explain the difference between the frequency of tyrosinemia in the U.S. population and in this particular Canadian population?
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One particularly useful feature of the Hardy-Weinberg equation is that it allows us to estimate the frequency of heterozygotes for recessive genetic diseases, assuming that Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium exists. As an example, let’s consider cystic fibrosis, which is a human genetic disease involving a gene that encodes a chloride transporter. Persons with this disorder have an irregularity in salt and water balance. One of the symptoms is thick mucus in the lungs that can contribute to repeated lung infections. In populations of Northern European descent, the frequency of affected individuals is approximately 1 in 2500. Because this is a recessive disorder, affected individuals are homozygotes. Assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of individuals who are heterozygous carriers?
The amount of enzyme activity in a cell that is homozygous for a mutant allele is 20 units. The amount of enzyme activity in a cell homozygous for the WT allele is 10 units. It is known that 14 units of enzyme activity is required to show the trait. What is the dominance relationship between the WT and mutant allele for the phenotype of amount of enzyme per cell?
A) The WT allele is dominant.
B) The mutant allele is dominant.
C) The WT and mutant alleles are codominant.
D) The WT and mutant alleles show incomplete dominance.
E) It is impossible to determine from the information given.
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a recessive allele at a single gene. As we discussed in class, being a homozygote for the sickle cell allele is almost always lethal, but heterozygotes tend to be resistant against malaria although they have a mild form of anemia. Because of this heterozygote advantage, the allele for sickle cell anemia has a frequency of more than 10% in some human populations.
How would present allele frequencies of the sickle cell allele change, if there was no heterozygote advantage or disadvantage (that is, that heterozygotes would be identical to ‘normal’ homozygotes – no malaria resistance, no anemia)? How would the change in sickle cell allele frequencies compare to scenario a (extirpation of malaria)
Chapter 26 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics Plus Mastering Genetics with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (12th Edition) (What's New in Genetics)
Ch. 26 - The ability to taste the compound...Ch. 26 - Determine whether the following two sets of data...Ch. 26 - If the albino phenotype occurs in 1/10,000...Ch. 26 - A prospective groom, who is unaffected, has a...Ch. 26 - In a region of Quebec, Canada, 1 in 22 people are...Ch. 26 - Critics argue that a uniform panel of disorders...Ch. 26 - Others argue that the current testing system...Ch. 26 - HOW DO WE KNOW? Population geneticists study...Ch. 26 - CONCEPT QUESTION Read the Chapter Concepts list on...Ch. 26 - Price et al. [(1999).J. Bacteriol181:2358-2362)...
Ch. 26 - The genetic difference between two Drosophila...Ch. 26 - The use of nucleotide sequence data to measure...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6PDQCh. 26 - What must be assumed in order to validate the...Ch. 26 - In a population where only the total number of...Ch. 26 - If 4 percent of a population in equilibrium...Ch. 26 - Consider a population in which the frequency of...Ch. 26 - If the initial allele frequencies are p = 0.5 and...Ch. 26 - Under what circumstances might a lethal dominant...Ch. 26 - Assume that a recessive autosomal disorder occurs...Ch. 26 - One of the first Mendelian traits identified in...Ch. 26 - Describe how populations with substantial genetic...Ch. 26 - Achondroplasia is a dominant trait that causes a...Ch. 26 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 26 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 26 - A botanist studying water lilies in an isolated...Ch. 26 - A farmer plants transgenic Bt corn that is...Ch. 26 - In an isolated population of 50 desert bighorn...Ch. 26 - To increase genetic diversity in the bighorn sheep...Ch. 26 - What genetic changes take place during speciation?Ch. 26 - Some critics have warned that the use of gene...Ch. 26 - Prob. 25PDQCh. 26 - What are the two groups of reproductive isolating...Ch. 26 - A form of dwarfism known as Ellisvan Creveld...Ch. 26 - The original source of new alleles, upon which...Ch. 26 - A number of comparisons of nucleotide sequences...Ch. 26 - Shown below are two homologous lengths of the...Ch. 26 - Recent reconstructions of evolutionary history are...
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